Life without IT

Dad, you always say, â€Å"Ah†¦back then when I was a lil' boy†¦there were no computers, cell phones or video games. Tsk! You young lads have all of 'em now, eh? We kids back then had to send letters, had to listen for our mothers' call to have dinner, and we were fit and healthy as a horse! Humph! You just don't know how much fun you are missin'†¦Ã¢â‚¬  My, my, here we go again. What did I say about those â€Å"when I was a lil' boy† stories! Come on dad! You're so old school! Seriously dad, how can you possibly live without information technology? Now it's considered a basic necessity to have emails and websites, and be able to call, text and access anyone and anything at all times. Imagine how desperate you would be if you deliberately left the house without any technologies at hand. Just for one good day†¦I bet you'll probably cry for help. Okay, okay. That might be bit of exaggerating, but still, you'll be desperate; trust me. Computers, cell phones (well, not to mention video games) replaced life as we knew it. Is there any turning back? No way! They've already claimed the entire generation. Dating back to the 1450s, why did Johann Gutenburg invent the movable metal printing process? Well, to start the Printing Evolution and make printing books a hit! Why did Alexander Graham Bell invent the telephone? Obviously, to make it much easier for us to communicate with each other over long distances! All of the technologies we see and use today are crucial to us. Without them, I know that our lives would be simpler but what about â€Å"One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind†? Dad, I'm not trying to criticize for thinking that your childhood or whatsoever is the best. I agree that life can also be superb if there were no advanced technologies. But since we live in the â€Å"Information Age†, information technology has become a part of our everyday lives, and we must admit that it really improves our quality of living. We must live our lives with information technology and accept new things or we'll be cavemen. So dad, how do you like your i-Pad I bought for you? Cool, eh? See? I told you so; you JUST can't ignore and resist the new generation of I.T.!

Political Philosophy and United States Essay

1. 1 Trace the origins of American government What is a democracy? How does a democracy differ from other forms of government in both practical and theoretical terms? What requirements must be met for a government to be called a democracy? Which of the democratic ideals do you foresee as not being achieved in Iraq, and why? Will Iraq still be considered a democracy without this ideal? From the other forms of government mentioned in this chapter, argue for a better form of government for Iraq than a democracy. 1. 2 Show how European political thought provided the theoretical foundations of American government. 1 Can socialism coexist with democracy? Is extensive economic freedom essential to democracy? Can the unequal economic outcomes of capitalism be considered â€Å"undemocratic†? In his 1651 Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes observed that without government, life would be â€Å"solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short. † Justify his argument. With this justification, justify the existence of government as it presently operates in the United States today. What demographic and socioeconomic factors do you think are related to democracy? Wealth? Education? A homogeneous population? Can you find countries that don’t meet your expectations? Does democracy require equality of income and wealth? Does majority rule undermine freedom and threaten individual rights? What was James Madison’s view, and what is your reaction? 1. 3 Describe American political culture, and identify the basic tenets of American democracy 1 Discuss the theories of elitism and pluralism as explanations of how American government works. Harold Lasswell’s book, Politics: Who Gets What, When, and How, can be seen as associated with the often-made statement â€Å"It’s not what you know, but who you know. † How do the two different statements relate to each other, as well as to present-day political realities? Americans often possess a healthy cynicism of government, whether large or small. Identify the reasons for such beliefs and how government should attempt to address these. Can a few elite decision makers control all important decisions made in the United States today? Some leaders are made by climbing the â€Å"ladder of success† rather than being born into power classes. How does this approach compare to â€Å"elitism† versus the approach defined as â€Å"pluralism†? How does democracy in America compare to democracy in other parts of the world? What are the most important sources of stability in American government? What are the most important forces for change in American government? Suppose the United States passed a constitutional amendment requiring all eligible citizens to vote, what would be the advantages and disadvantages of this measure? Do you agree with the statement, â€Å"Equality, individualism, and openness are the crucial values of American politics in the twenty-first century†? Although there is widespread support for the concepts of freedom and liberty in America, there have been many intrusions into basic rights in American history. Can you explain why we find such discrepancies in an area where we also find almost complete public support for the general principle? 1. 4 Explain the functions of American government 1 What are some of the goals of terrorist acts? How can terrorism affect the paradox of democracy? How can/should democracies respond? Must security come at the price of liberties? How can democracies, particularly the United States, deal with new restrictions imposed as a result of terrorist acts/threats? Identify the roles of government and the concept of â€Å"public goods. † Are there any other institutions, other than government, which might be charged with performing the roles of government? Is such a consideration realistic? What can individual American citizens do to influence the actions and policies of their government? Name some ways in which government policies influences your normal work/school day. Study the statements of President George Bush on the need to encourage the spread of democracy in the Middle East. Is this a good goal for the United States? Is it a practical goal? 1. 5 Analyze the changing characteristics of the American public. 1 Define and discuss politics in the business setting, the health-care setting, and the educational institution setting. What are the similarities and differences between politics in government and in the identified settings? Discuss the argument that most of American life is organized in anti-democratic fashion. In the family, the school, the factory, the office, and the church, decisions are made by the powerful, without much concern for majority opinion. Discuss ways whereby more Americans would be more likely to participate in U. S. political life. Use the beginning of the twenty-first century to stimulate your thinking about how should we be governed. What are the strengths of our democracy in the new millennium? Our weaknesses? Why? And what should we do about them? Today’s Americans often question the â€Å"American Dream. † What is the American Dream and how could you go about proving that the Dream is still alive or that the Dream is dying? What types of evidence would you need and where might you find it? Discuss the idea that if more citizens could attend college, then democracy would be strengthened in America. Is this assumption true or not and why? Given the remarkable diversity in America, how is the country able to function as smoothly as it does? Does this diversity threaten to make the country less governable now than in the past? 1. 6 Assess the role of political ideology in shaping American politics 1 Think about the role and size of government as central to contemporary American politics. Is the scope of government too broad, too narrow, or just about right? Discuss, using contemporary examples, what is meant by government being â€Å"too big. † Do you disagree with what â€Å"too big† is? Why? Why don’t Americans divide themselves into social classes? Why hasn’t the Communist Party caught on in America? What are both the weaknesses and strengths of â€Å"direct democracy†? Assume that millions of American televisions could be hooked up to a centralized computer system that in turn could register instantaneously the public’s views on issues (â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no† responses). Would this be a plus or minus for American democracy? 1. 7 Characterize changes in Americans’ attitudes toward and expectations of government. 1 Periodically, civil disobedience has been used to reform government processes, procedures, and even law. In the light of often-identified needs of society, what subjects today appear to justify civil disobedience? Today, large proportions of Americans believe that most or all politicians are corrupt, that government serves the interest of the few, and that government is dominated by the wealthy and powerful. Evaluate these statements. Discuss whether or not the tragic events of September 11, 2001 changed the increasingly detached behavior of Americans. Do you feel the events of September 11, 2001 changed the way Americans view immigrants and/or foreign visitors/tourists? Should English be the official language of the United States, and should all governmental business be conducted in English? Why, or why not? Discuss what could be done, either by the media or by politicians themselves, to refurbish the image of elected officials today vis-a-vis the public. How can the idea of politics as â€Å"an honorable profession† be inculcated, perhaps even in contemporary American youth?

Online Dating Advantages

Some advantages and disavantages in online dating. Now days online dating hvae become so commun that everyone know a site or two where can meet or interact with other people becoming making it easy to become part of the online dating trend. But veryb seldon anyone couciously stop to think and anlyze the advantages or disavantages in online dating. In today's world everything goes so fast that it seem's 24 hour days are over for ever, every one is short of time.People running to school, work, appointments, that realistically there is no time to just go out to socialized and interact with friends or just go out. Online Dating, have filled this human need to be loved or wanted by some one else by just flipping tha computer switch or pushing a button. Instantly you have complete access to online world that where you can shoose to be part of to share your momories, fotos,tastes, likes and dislikes to the world. There are two words that plays a key role to the online dating phenomenun; fre e and instantly.You can freely bacome part of a online community and instatly intereract with those that accept you all for free, bringing this interaction up to your creativity and inmagination to meet as many and different people you would like. Even though, it can be very advantegeous to meet new people online and date,there are deffenetelly some important disavantages to consider. Online dating make it for the most part very easy to interact with so many people at differente place at different time , that you are constantly bonbard with a lot of possibilities.You can date someone today and tomrrow you could date someone else. According to a survey done by fox news, 60 % of online dating participants are actually dating two or more person at the same time. According to the report most people that are engage in online dating, feel that online is just another world , another set of values, nothing like could be judge as real. Moral and values that tend to be pracitce when meeting s omeone on a local school or live occassion wouldn't apply to those people met online.For one reason or another, online Dating keep beeing a growing trend, more youngster then ever have access to the internet and actually interacting with others on social sites and dating sites. With advantages and Disavantages today many online users are just so accostome to the online world that they have not even consider any dissavantages since its have just become a way of life. Online dating will continue benefiting those users that engage in an intelligente mature way or disgracing those that have poor judgment.

HR Proposal -Edit Chapter 2& 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

HR Proposal -Edit Chapter 2& 3 - Essay Example This section comprises of mainly four basic steps which are involved in the process of data collection. In most cases, the type of methodology used in a study is determined by the particular type of research being undertaken. The availability of relevant resources and time also play a contributory role to the methodology used. Methodology helps to organize, represent, and analyze data and information in a bid to answer the research questions of the study. The following are the basic steps involved in this section of methodology: A research design is a conceptual structure, outline or blueprint of what the researcher would do in the study by following proper guidelines that are meant to obtain data that can be used to solve the research problem or answer the research question. Research design represents the entire structure and working framework of the research which makes it possible and valid to draw more general conclusions from the study (Oppenheim, 1992). It works as the bonding element that holds other elements and parts of research together to give a perfect blend of conclusions and consequences of research. The researcher used mainly primary data collection method in order to provide reliable results. The research has been designed in a descriptive manner which is meant to count representative samples and make inferences about the whole population. The method used in the study involves gathering data from the selected participants using questionnaires and an analysis of this data is descriptive in na ture since it shows the subjective views of an individual. This design would certainly reach the desired goals in that the participants would be employees in HR related departments but working for organisations that deal with IT. Quantitative data collection techniques will be employed in this study and it will include mainly primary data through the use of questionnaires. Basically, quantitative data is any

The McLaren SLR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The McLaren SLR - Essay Example So let us take a look at the McLaren SLR including it’s body, motor, brakes and saftey measures. The engine capacity of McLaren SLR is 5.5 liter. It operates with two spark plugs per cylinder to increase the power of the ignition during combustion (Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren, n.d.). It consists of Sensotronic brake system or electrohydraulic brake system. It should be noted that in conventional brake system, the driver is responsible for producing brake pressure whereas in Sensotronic brake system a brake fluid supplies the brake pressure. Moreover, the brake disc of this car is manufactured from carbon-ceramic. In conventional cars, brake discs are manufactured from steel. Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) is used for the construction of the body of this car. Even though light weighted, this materials provides enough strength to the car so that the driver may not feel any jerking or any other lightweight related problems while driving this vehicle fast. This car requires only 3.4 seconds to attain a speed of 100 km/h. Moreover it can cross 210 km/h mark within 11.2 seconds. Even though this car weighs around 2 tons, its fuel economy is very good. McLaren Edition (2011), Stirling Moss (2009), Roadster 722 S (2009), 722 GT (2007) Roadster (2007) and 722 Edition (2006) are some of the models of cars introduced by McLaren SLR. In the latest models of McLaren SLR, innovative technologies are used with respect to suspension, breaking system, aerodynamics, interior and exterior systems. â€Å"The key modifications to the engine, which improve power by 15kW to 500kW (680hp) and add 10Nm for a total of 830Nm of torque† (McLaren 722 GT: Race Car Modifications, 2007) The latest McLaren SLR engine is capable of delivering high power and efficient torque. Modern technologies such as screw type compressor help McLaren SLR engine to deliver high performance standards. This high performing V8 engine takes only 10.6 seconds to cross the 200km/h mark and 28.8 seconds to cross the 300km/h mark. Moreover, McLaren SLR can be driven at the top speed of 334km/h. The V8 engine is mounted on a slope position with the help of a strong aluminum frame. Features such as Water-type charge-air cooling, dry sump lubrication and catalytic converters help this car to deliver the goods. Moreover, it has the ability to deliver torque of over 600 Newtonmetres, at 2000 rpm. The maximum available torque of this engine is 780 Newtonmetres at 3250 rpm (2003>2009 Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren, 2012). For efficient cylinder charging, Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren has a mechanical compressor and some aluminum rotors. These equipment are Teflon coated to avoid friction losses. As mentioned earlier, Sensotronic brake system is incorporated in this car to provide additional safety. This brake system has the ability to calculate optimum brake pressure needed while the car is moving at high speeds. Various sensors are attached to the wheels of this car to calculate the speed of each wheel and apply the pressure needed to stop it. The coordination of Sensotronic brake system with Electronic Stability Program (ESP) is done beautifully in this car. It should be noted that it is difficult to achieve such effective coordination of these two entities in high performing sports cars. However, the McLaren engineers succeeded in blending these two systems without compromising on the safety systems of the car. Dynamic handling and

Isaac’s Storm, by Erik Larson Research Paper

Isaac’s Storm, by Erik Larson - Research Paper Example (Isaacs Storm Erik Larson Book Review.). Symbolizing the storm, Mr. Larson quite clearly suggests his thesis as confluence of human error; arrogance and politics were the root causes that made the way for such a catastrophe. The writer, Thurston Hatcher rightly comments about the book that it is not a disaster book on the other hand it is a cautionary tale about an era in which great technological progress created a flawed sense of invincibility. One of the main points that Larson wants to boost through his work is that technological hubris will always place us in trouble with nature. Thurston Hatcher further comments that human beings are much concerned about the complacency that new tools can bring but at the same time he fails to give the deserving attention to the disaster that may happen one day. (Hatcher, 2000). In Isaac’s Storm Erik Larson tells the story of Galveston, its people and the hurricane that devastated them with the help of an effective blending of science and history. In narrating the whole episod e the author keeps the tempo rising in pace with the wind and waves. The personal account presented in this work attributes a realistic touch and promotes the reader’s credibility. The only fault that one could find is a lack of photographs because on a number of occasions Larson refers to old black and white photographs that he had seen during his research for this book, but he forgets to share these with his audience. Considering all these factors this is a great work worthy to be

Ethical leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethical leadership - Essay Example ook ‘Ethical leadership’, Kanungo and Mendoncafeel that the urge to investigate on the topic of ethical leadership is induced by the rise of unethical behaviour in the organization. This has further been coupled with a decline in upholding moral responsibility and workplace ethics. Furthermore, ethics has been having been given very little attention by both management and psychological education. Business literature as well as management has always emphasized on profits as the primary reason for an enterprise with little regard for ethics. It has led to the moral decay in most business organizations (Kanungo and Mondonca, 2007, Page 2). An organization is simply a structural-functional unit with an ordinary objective. In order to achieve its goals, organization assign its employees to different roles and status as per one ability and specialization thus leaders and subordinates. Effective leadership involves steering other members in an organization towards the realization of an organization’s set objectives using its policies and procedures (Kanungo and Mondenca, 2007, p. 2). In the current modern society, there is an increasing awareness of the management to be accountable and transparent not only to its shareholders, but also other relevant stakeholders as well. Managers are with ethical dilemmas pressurizing their decision making. This includes suppliers, employees, consumers, the Government and the society at large. Whilst the core function of the business is profit making, management and leaders should be responsive to the moral duties of the society as a whole. Understanding the significance of these moral duties has led to the formation of an ethical system alongside rules, regulations and policies to be (Starrat, 2004, p.62). Due to the urgency for morality in organizational leadership and social order, it’s mandatory that we define relevant moral principles to depend on in judgment making. Ethical conduct is a relative factor in our study since

The Kornilov Affair Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Kornilov Affair - Essay Example Kornilov was respected by his troops as an outstanding officer, but his politics did not go much further than loving his country. He was never Kerensky’s first choice as Commander in Chief but he had wide support and had to be taken into account. The only problem was that it was clear from the beginning that there were tensions between Kerensky and Kornilov about the direction the Russian army should take. And there were tensions about the direction of the Russia as it was under threat both externally and internally and had to make big decisions. Things came to a head, as Richard Pipes writes, when Kerensky procrastinated in implementing the military reforms that Kornilov had made a condition of assuming command . . . Kornilov requested permission to meet with the cabinet. The meeting took place on August 3. While he was giving an overview of the situation at the front, Kerensky leaned over [to Kornilov] and asked him in a whisper to exercise caution . . . This incident shattered Kornilov’s faith in the Provisional Government, for it convinced him that there were ministers in the cabinet capable of betraying military secrets to the enemy.1 Within a short amount of time, following some decisive military preparations, Kornilov began to be seen by some in Russia as a rival to power for Kerensky. Kerensky began to get more and more agitated, ignoring the Bolshevik problem in order to focus on securing his own hold on power. What followed was Kerensky’s effort to destroy Kornilov—and the result was the rise of the Bolsheviks. A ridiculous exchange of messages pitted the two men against each other, each completely misunderstanding what the other intended. Kerensky thought Kornilov was plotting to seize dictatorial control, Kornilov thought Kerensky was offering it to him. His unfounded suspicion confirmed, Kerensky fired the popular Kornilov, who had

Computer Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Computer - Coursework Example The digital computer operations are done by logic circuits that are digital circuits. The outputs of such circuits can be regulated by the input conditions. The many processing data within the interior of the computer ought to work in a synchronized way. This is often achieved by regulating them with a steady oscillator that always acts as the oscillator. The CPU is the main storage unit of the computer and sometimes can be referred to as the computer’s memory. Initially, it consisted of vacuum tubes, but later consisted of ferromagnetic cores with doughnut shapes. Data and programs are not always used in the main storage and can always be stored in secondary or auxiliary storage. While punched paper cards have this function, the main materials that are currently in use include flash disks, magnetic tape and flash memories. When compared to the RAM, these are quite cheap. Today, magnetic tape is used mainly for the storage of voluminous data or main backups. In optical and magnetic systems, the norm is similar. The disk drive also has a motor that can spin the optical head. The drives are designed in a number of forms (Knuth, 2003, p.69).  The flash disks have nonvolatile memory, which can be reprogrammed or erased. The central processing Unit (CPU): The circuitry and the motherboard must be powered. The CPU acts as the thinking process or the computer brains just like humans have their brains to process and relay information. The processors usually have a cooling unit that helps in reducing the heat within the computer. The computer usually gives its user all the necessary instructions during operation. The common processors have quad-cores (Knuth, 2003, p.76).  The modern computers have at least two CPUs, which help in the power of processing and to optimize the potential. The power supply: Just like humans need the energy to operate, the computers also need the power to operate. The energy

The Evolution of Skateboard Photography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Evolution of Skateboard Photography - Essay Example llenweber 16). A common fact is that skateboarding has evolved from just another hobby to an internationally recognized sport. It is no longer considered to be a preserve of daredevils and adolescents who seek a way to vent their frustrations. For instance, in 1990, people used to skateboard mainly in parks and on the streets (if they found the opportunity to). Skateboarders and their fans then decided that they needed to shed the bad image that was associated with the hobby and turn it into something more appealing and enriching not just to them but also their fans. Eventually, the various skateboarding associations decided that they would market their hobby as a sport by growing it from the community. They established various skateboarding competitions in different neighborhoods different states in America and within no time the trend had caught on. Every neighborhood wanted to have a skateboarding association cum team, and this made the competition stiffer. A short time after this , the various stakeholders decided to make the participation worthwhile by offering prizes to the best performers. They sought financial assistance from local companies and community-based organizations (CBOs) who recognized it as a way of getting young people off the streets and giving them something to do and look forward to. Many young people sat up and took notice, and eventually most of them decided to join this latest ‘trend†. Within a short time, there were skateboarding championships being held in various states and soon after a national championship was established. Now, it is common knowledge that by the time there is a national championship anywhere (especially in a country like the United States), it means that a sport or hobby has garnered enough attention to warrant such a move (Wu?llenweber 26). Firms started tapping into this new frenzy in order to use it as an advertising avenue (it was particularly strategic because of its popularity among young people) . Through advertising, those companies managed to get the media to cover or even mention skateboarding. By 2009, we had professional skateboarders who supported themselves using the financial benefits they incurred from skateboarding. They were earning thousands of dollars by doing something they loved, and the media had no option but to take notice and accommodate this new sport. Now we have the World Cup of Skateboarding, a global skateboarding federation that organizes the formal World Championships of Skateboarding series that is held in many cities across the world (Bolster & Gesmer 12). This federation is also responsible for organizing and officiating other skateboard contests. Information about Shot Styles and Photography Specifics i) Use a Fisheye Lens Fisheye lens and skateboarding photography go hand in hand. The extremely wide angle lens offers an appealing three-dimensional look (Bolster & Gesmer 22). It allows one to get closer to the subject, capturing where they are from, where they are going, and what they are doing. A fisheye lens also affords your photos a room to breathe while at the same time maintaining a sense of impact. ii) Pre-focus This applies not only to skateboard photography, but also to motion photography or any type of action. iii) Keep a Clean Background The sky provides a perfect background in which to take skate photos. It is also a convenient backdrop to find because skaters tend

To what extent selection methods are acceptable by organisations Essay

To what extent selection methods are acceptable by organisations - Essay Example Various factors, both internal and external, contribute to the process of recruitment which includes recruitment policy, costs, growth and expansion of the organization along with supply and demand of specific skills in the market, political and legal considerations, etc. (Gupta, 2007). According to Edenborough (2007) ‘selection can be defined as the combination of processes that lead to the choice of one or more candidates over others for one or more jobs or roles’. However it is to mention that selection of the employees starts where recruitment ends. Selection is the process of discovering the qualifications and characteristics of the job applicant in order to establish their likely suitability of job position which requires a methodical approach so as to find the best person for the job (Haryani, 2008). There are various methods of selection to complete the recruitment process to get the best human resources that can carry out the work with elan. However it is necess ary to understand that various other factors like employee union, political and legal pressure, etc. impede the selection process making it difficult for the companies to complete the process, therefore it is necessary to select a suitable methodical approach of selection for the completion of recruitment process. ... ection process of recruitment 3) To analyze the extent of use of psychometric tools, social process and other internal and external sources by studying the selection process in one of the employee recruitment agency. 4) To analyze, the extent to which selection methods could be adapted by an organization. Review of Literature Recruitment is typically regarded as the poor relation of selection while selection has caught the attention of organizational psychologists keen to improve the reliability and validity of selection methods (Marchington and Wilkinson, 2005). Selection methods ensure that investments made in job design, advertising, career fairs and other recruitment activities bear fruit in the form of qualified, skilled and well motivated new employees who will be able and willing to contribute to the objectives of the organization (Nankervis, Compton and Morrissey, 2009). Selection techniques cannot overcome failures in recruitment but makes them evident (Marchington and Wilki nson, 2005). Williams (2005) mentions various factors which need to be considered while choosing selection methods. Selection criteria for the post to be filled, acceptability and appropriateness of methods, abilities of staff involved in the selection process, ease of administration, time factors, accuracy and cost are some of the factors that should be considered and worked upon while deciding the selection method. Most common recruitment methods used by employers include closed searches i.e. employment from internal sources, word of mouth, associations with schools, colleges and universities; recruitment agencies and responsive methods i.e. speculative applications, open searches, local newspaper advertisements, adverts in specialist press, national newspaper, website, radio and

The Fear Factor Essay Example for Free

The Fear Factor Essay The Salem Witch Trials and the 1950s Red Scare were both the product of fear, hysteria, suspicion, and false accusations. These black events in American history had countless similarities that led to the persecution of many innocent individuals. In many ways, these events were initiated because of human nature and fear of the unknown. It is a natural instinct of all animals to proceed with caution when presented with something that is different. This reaction is a defense mechanism to protect ones self from potential harm and caused the mass hysteria to spread. Arthur Millers The Crucible and the Witch Trials began with a few young children, Abigail Williams, Marry Warren and Mercy Lewis, accusing some of the towns women of dancing and chanting in the woods. This was the basis for all their evidence, a few childrens stories. In addition, both the incidences had leaders that fed and fueled the hysteria. During the Witch Trials, one of the main Hanging Judges was Danforth. He was a main contributor to the hysteria and fear of witches that swelled throughout the communities. Though Danforth did not directly accuse people of practicing witchcraft, he chose to believe the fits that the children of the jury put on in the court. The Children were believed to be innocent and it was given that their voice was the word of god. The equivalent of the Witch Trial jury during the Red Scare was the committee that charged people of communism. It was named the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC). They sought out people whom they thought were either communist or a threat to the integrity of America. People were called before the committee if they had any previous connection with communist activities. In the late 1940s, a senator by the name of John McCarthy began what was known as blacklisting. The people, who were believed to be a communist, were added to a list that rendered them shunned and they had to pay a fine of $500. Many of these peoples lives were ruined, employers did not want to hire them and their names became less then reputable. In both scenarios, the only way a person could clear their name was to name others who were involved in witchcraft or who were communists. In conclusion, situations such as these, which are based on fear and hysteria rather than hard evidence, can only be resolved when the sane people take control. Only then can peace and order be restored to the public. The two developments however both end with tragedy. In the case of the Witch Trials, 20 people were hanged and many others suffered emotional damage. The Red Scare caused numerous peoples reputations to be lost and careers smashed. The inability of people to accept others differences is bound to cause conflicts. Almost every society around the world conforms to the normal so as to not attract attention, for some there is little or no toleration.

Sustainable Township Development In Malaysia Environmental Sciences Essay

Sustainable Township Development In Malaysia Environmental Sciences Essay According to Paul-Marie Boulanger, the concept of sustainable development was originally same as the sustainability. Both of these terms were derived from an older forestry term sustained yield, which was a translation of German term nachhaltigerErtag since 1713. From various sources, it was shown that the concept of sustainability in the sense of a balance between the consumption and reproduction of resources was already been applied in the 12th to 16th century. Adans, W.N. (2006) said that, the history of the concept of sustainability is much older than what was expected. Since during 400 BCE, Aristotle was referred to a similar Greek concept in talking about household economics. The first use of the term sustainable in the modern sense was by the Club of Rom in March 1972 in making the report of Limits to Growth, which was written by a group of scientists led by Dennis and Donella Meadows of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Ar Dr Tan Loke Mun once said that, greenhouse gasses and ozone depletion became household words following the Earth Summit in Rio, 1992 and since then, Green building ratings began to be developed all around the world. UK had developed BREEAM as their rating tool; USA had developed LEED as their rating tool; whereas for Malaysia, GBI was developed as Green rating tool in Malaysia. He also said that, the GBI Malaysia was introduced on 3rd January 2009 at the Green Design Forum which was held at Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre. As stated by Jackson, T. Michaelis, L. (2003), the concept of sustainability can be linked to human development which was originated in the 1970s with books such as Goldsmiths blueprint for Surviva! (1972) and the Club of Romes Limits to Growth (1972). In the same year, 1972, the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, in Stockholm put the spotlight on the reconciliation of environment and economic development. From what was told by Ar Dr Tan Loke Mun, after the realization that buildings and the built development contributes significantly to the greenhouse gas emissions, all the buildings and development needed to be re-designed to minimize the negative impact which will be imposed to the environment. By using GBI rating tools as reference, the final built product will perform better in its location while minimizing the negative impacts released to the surroundings during development. 1.2 Problem Statement According to Punitha Silivarajoo (2009), there are many negative impacts which arise from the current development skill. For instance, loss of income from polluted resources such as rivers and beaches, loss of ecosystem services, and the most serious factor is that, it contributing into the causes of climate change and global warming. Climate change can cause several chain reactions such as flash flood which happens commonly in Kuala Lumpur area. From what was told by our Prime Minister of Malaysia, Dato Sri Mohd Najib (2011), the worst scenarios of climate disasters due to the global effects of carbon emissions and climate change should not be taken lightly. The building and construction sector which accounts nearly 40% of the worlds energy consumption eventually contributing to the climate change and global warming due to the increasing concentration of greenhouse gases which caused by the current development. He also said that, the Green Building Index Township Tool was introduced and implemented to set out a vision for sustainability within the built environment which provides guidance to assist the State and Local Authorities, developers, builders and professionals to deliver more environment-friendly and sustainable townships and communities. Therefore, this research was carried out to identify why the sustainable township development is being used in Malaysia nowadays as well as the impact of emission of CO2. 1.3 Aim To study why sustainable township development is being used in Malaysia. 1.4 Objectives To identify the reasons why implement sustainable township development in Malaysia. To identify what will happen in future if current development continues without implementing sustainable township. To identify what are the criteria need to be taken care during implementation of sustainable township development. 1.5 Hypothesis The sustainable township development is being implemented because it gives many advantages over its disadvantages as compared to the non-sustainable township development. The negative impacts from non-sustainable township development are eventually causing many problems to the environment. 1.6 Research Methodologies According to Kumar (2005), placing of literature review is one of the essential preliminary tasks when you intend to undertake a research study is to go through the literature in order to acquaint yourself with the knowledge in the field you interesting in. He also said that literature review can help to make a valuable contribution to almost every operational step in the research. As what were said by Richard Fellows Anite Liu (2008), there are two major types of data collection: primary data and secondary data. Primary data are sources which can be gained by the researcher as close as possible to what was happened during the event or time whereas secondary data are sources which can be gathered through interpretation or analysing of data and is usually based on primary data. From what was told by Dawson, Catherine (2002) in the Practical Research Methods, primary data is data that being collected for the first time; secondary date is data which have been already collected and analysed by someone else. Observation is one of the common methods which are being used as primary data collection. In this research, questionnaire will be set and distributed to the person who involves themselves in the construction industry such as contractor, quantity surveyor and architect. Example of the question that will be asked to them is about their thinking of current township development in Malaysia whether it is sustainable or not. About 30 to 50 copies of questionnaire will be distributed to the respondents. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 What is Sustainable Township? In regards with GBI (2012), Sustainable Township was defined as liveable places which meet the diverse needs of the community, both now and in the future. These places are providing a high quality of life for the people who lives, work and play there by being well planned and designed, safe and secure, and enhances the surrounding environment. It also mentioned that the basis on the concept of sustainable development is the balanced approached to addressing the environmental, social and economic issues. Sustainable Townships are integrated planned habitats which focus on the interior of the buildings, architectural design of the buildings, as well as the living environment by emphasize on maximizing energy and resource savings, the use and recycling of natural resources, and also promoting the public health and general welfare of urban population and reducing the negative impacts that surround the environment. Other than that, Sustainable Townships are also well landscaped and providing the basic needs or amenities for human being, for example, parks and playgrounds which can be used to improve the interaction and integration among the local communities. In response with the 10th Malaysia Plan, several steps are being taken by the Ministry of Housing and Local Government to ensure the needs of current and future communities by stimulating the rapid growth of urbanization which is expected to increase from 67% in 2010 to 75% by 2020. Green Building Index (GBI) and GBI Township Tool were introduced as advisable Malaysia rating system in promoting the Green Technology as a new driver for the economic growth of the country by offering tremendous opportunities and potentials in the economic regeneration, innovation and wealth creation. Pertubuhan Arkitek Malaysia (PAM) and the Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia (ACEM)s initiatives in introducing the GBI Township Tool (version II) are being appreciated very much as the green transformation can be taken into the next level, as well as in line with the Governments New Economic Model, which is to become a high-income nation that is both inclusive and sustainable by the year of 2020. According to TimothyBeatley, the word sustainability was derived from the Latin word sustinere which means to hold. Various dictionaries had defined various meaning of sustainability, but the main one to be referred here having the meaning of maintain, support or endure. For the word township, is defined as a city. Thus, by combining these information, sustainable township development can be explained as a development of city which can maintain or support longer with better quality than the other township development. From Brundland Report (1987), sustainable township development was defined as an development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. From the report, there are two key concepts contained within it: the concept of needs, which means to which overriding priority should be given; and secondly the idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environments ability to meet the needs of both present and future. 2.2 Why Implement Sustainable Townships Development On September, 2011, our Prime Minister, Dato Sri Mohd Najib had announced plans for a Low Carbon Cities Framework and Assessment System to bring Malaysia into a low carbon economy and he made a promise that the carbon dioxide emissions will be reduced by 40% by 2020 compared to 2005. It is his aspiration to develop both Putrajaya and Cyberjaya as shining examples of eco-friendly townships and replicating it in other towns and cities across Malaysia. In other words, Putrajaya and Cyberjaya will be the first two Sustainable Township in Malaysia. According to Warren Kerlenzig, 2009, some of our biggest challenges in cutting carbon to reduce global climate change will be in understanding the system dynamics that the cities and other corporation or neighborhoods comprise. Therefore, GBI Township Tool was set out for Sustainable Township Development for sustainability within the built environment and to provide guidance that is able to deliver the Sustainable Townships in the Malaysia Context. A scientist in the 19th century, Svantte Arrhenius, said that gases in the atmosphere cause a greenhouse effect which affects the planets temperature. He had calculated that the carbon emissions from human industry might someday contribute to global warming, which is happening nowadays. At that time, the other scientists dismissed his thought as faulty. Since 1938, the level of carbon dioxide was increasing and raising global temperature. Then only the argument was found implausible. Researchers found that gases, especially carbon dioxide, which mostly being produced from construction industry, play a crucial role in the climate change and the rising level would gravely affect our future. Tony Cooper, 2007, said that there are different scenarios which cause the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and all of these eventually contributed to global warming. He also said that, the global warming is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases, and 72% of the total emitted greenhouse gas is CO2. CO2 is created when fossil fuels such as oil, diesel and natural gas are being burned. The CO2 emitted have been dramatically increasing within these last 50 years and it is still increasing. The CO2 is being taken as serious factors in contributing to global warming because it can remain in the atmosphere for at least 80 years and can be up to 200 years. According to the recent investigation, if the global temperatures keep on increasing by more than 2Â ° C, an unimaginable catastrophic which will change in the environment is expected to take place. From the information above, it can be concluded the CO2 which released from current development will contribute to the greenhouse effect which eventually become global warming, which is one of the hot topic being discussed all around the world. Therefore, to overcome the problem of global warming, the emission of greenhouse effect must be reduced, and to reduce the effect of greenhouse, the most effective way is by minimizing the CO2 emission especially in the construction industry. Emits Contributes to Current Development CO2 Greenhouse Effect Global warming Causes Figure Negative impacts of current Township Development2.2.1 Impacts of Global Warming Global warming happens due to increase in air temperature. There are several chain effects which will occur due to global warming. 2.2.1.1 Melting of Polar Ice Caps The deadliest effect of global warming is raise of sea level. When the sea level is raised, the polar ice caps will definitely be melted by the water. Ice caps are white in colour and thus it helps in reflect the sunlight, which helps in cooling our earth. If the ice caps are melted, the only sunlight is the ocean, thus the temperature all around the world will be increased. Since ice caps are fresh water, if they are melted, desalinization of sea water will occur. The sea water will become less salty, and it will cause species that live in the sea to face the problem of extinction. 2.2.1.2 Increased the probability and intensity of droughts and heat waves As global warming happens, some areas of the earth will become wetter, but some other areas will suffer the problems of droughts and heat waves, such as Africa. Now, the water is already a scarce commodity in Africa, the global warming will worsen the condition. 2.2.1.3 Changes in Seasons and Seasonal Characters Different areas have their own seasons and seasonal character. However, global warming will results in changes of these seasons and seasonal character. Most of the areas will no longer have the summer or winter seasons. Due to change in air temperature and rainfall patterns, the seasons will also be preponed or postponed. 2.2.1.4 Spreading of Diseases Due to change in environment, many species may not be able to suit themselves in the newly changed environment and facing dead. Thus, many of these species will die and their corpses which are not taken care will cause new diseases to occur and spreading all around the world unpredictably. Some of these diseases may even cause death. Poor areas with poor medical facilities will definitely suffering much more than the others. 2.2.2 Merits of Implementing Sustainable Township Development Implementation of sustainable township development not only helps in reducing the carbon emission but also giving some others benefits. For instance, sustainable township development uses sustainable design which helps in maximizing the energy efficiency by using sustainable energy such as solar energy. This not only helps the residents to reduce their cost for electricity usage but also helps in reducing the emission of CO2 because CO2 is emitted from the usage of electricity. Other than energy efficiency, water efficiency can also be done. Next, sustainable township development helps in reducing the pollutions. Most of the non-sustainable township development will cause pollutions in term of air, water as well as sound pollution. In sustainable township development, all the industrial area will be placed on the edges of the township and is some distance to the residential area. This can help in reducing sound pollution caused by industrial area to the residential area. Other than sound pollution, air pollution problem can also be solved. Some more, unlike the non-sustainable township development, in this sustainable township development, the pollution will be controlled by introducing a clearer and practice of site sedimentation. This means that the water pollution can be prevented as well. Besides, more green spaces such as public park, playground, community run herb garden, and also recreational lakes will be provided in a sustainable township. This can actually create a healthy and lively community. It was said that greenery helps to release our stress especially when tiring after working for a whole day. Presence of lakes enables the community to spend their time over there with their beloved family during the weekend or holidays. The water quality of the lakes will be maintained at high quality all the time. One of the main merits of a sustainable township is the sustainable transportation network. The transportation network provided is well connected to all places within the township. It is an ease for the residential to go everywhere they want as long as in the township. In other non-sustainable township, the problems always faced by the residents are the transportation problems. The public transport such as buses and taxi are hardly available during certain period of time or at some areas. In sustainable township, the residents no longer have to worry about the problem of transportation as public transport such as buses and taxi is available everywhere from time to time. The road will also be designed in the best way to minimize or even avoid the traffic jam problem, which is also another problem that faced by everyone in the non-sustainable township, especially during the peak hour. When a new sustainable township is being developed, there will be many companies going to venture. Thus, the rate of employment will be increased. In addition, the residents in the township able to find a job which near their houses. Since the working place is just near to their houses, most of them will either walk or take public transport such as buses instead of driving, which will help in reduce the probability of traffic jam. 2.2.3 Incentives Given by Government In publicity of sustainable township development, two main incentives are given by out Malaysia Government. Firstly, is the tax exemption for green building user? According to GBI, 2011, any person who incurs qualifying expenditure (QE) to obtain GBI certification for a building used for his business qualifies for tax exemption. This tax incentive provides exemption on the statutory income which is equivalent to 100% of that expenditure. The qualifying expenditure is also known as the Green Building Cost Sum, which means an additional expenditure incurred in relation to construction of a building, alteration, renovation, extension or improvement of an existing building. The exemption can be up to 100% of statutory income for each year of assessment. According to the guidelines issued by Lembaga Hasil Dalam Negeri Malaysia (LHDNM), any unutilised QE can be carried forward to subsequent years of assessment until the amount is fully exempted and this tax exemption only applies once for each building certified from 24 October 2009 until 31 December 2014. The second incentive given by the Malaysia Government is stamp duty exemption. According to GBI, 2011, the stamp duty exemption provides exemption on instruments of transfer of ownership of buildings and residential properties acquired from property developers and awarded GBI certificate. The exemption is on the additional cost of the property incurred to obtain the GBI certificate. According to LHDNM, the exemption is only given for the first transfer of ownership of the building and for sales and purchase agreements executed from 24 October 2009 until 31 December 2014 and once certified, the applicants can claim for the tax exemption or stamp duty exemption in their annual Income Tax return Forms. 2.3 GBI Township Tool To identify whether a township development is sustainable or not, GBI township tool will be used. The varies Green Rating tools such as GBI Townships Tools are being used to assist the architects, designers, builders, planners, developer as well as the end users to exposed themselves to the impact of each and every of the design choices well in moving towards to be more environmentally-friendly. The developer can take this GBI township tool as a reference before the commencement of development. 6 key criteria in GBI Township Tool Climate, Energy Water (CEW) Ecology Environment (EEC) Community Planning Design (CPD) Transportation Connectivity (TRC) Building Resources (BDR) Business Innovation (BSI) Figure 6 key criteria in GBI Township Tool 2.4 GBI Assessment Criteria for Sustainable Townships Development in Malaysia 2.4.1 Climate, Energy Water (CEW) To minimise the impact on the environment by practicing energy efficiency, water efficiency and sustainable development. These can be achieved by minimising the impact of heat island effect, minimising the energy consumption, and also utilising the renewable energy technology such as micro-generation. Other than that, the on-going production and consumption of energy and water will be balanced. In order to achieve the aim of zero net carbon emissions, the passive design principles are maximised, as well as adopting the onsite energy generation. Water efficiency can be achieved through the reduction of main water consumption, rainwater harvesting and grey water recycling. Grey water is water comes from the laundry machines, dish-washes, bathtubs, and sinks. It does not include any human waste or sewerage. This criterion holds a maximum of 20 points for the allocation of points in the Township Tool. The following are the key issues and assessment criteria: Heat Island Design Principles 4 credits Efficient Streetscape Greenspace Lighting 2 credits On Site Green Generation 2 credits Renewable Energy 4 credits Reduced Water Use 4 credits Reduction in Water Waste 4 credits 2.4.2 Environmental Ecology (EEC) The impact on the environment can be minimised by adopting several practices as well as preserving the site ecology and biodiversity. Respect and do not destroy the surrounding environment and the native ecological systems. Always be sensitive to the needs of the local ecology and biodiversity. Preserve and enhance the ecological value of the environment. This can helps in stabilising the land which will also reduce the impact during flooding. This criterion holds a maximum of 15 points for the allocation of points in the Township Tool. The following are the key issues and assessment criteria: Biodiversity Conservation 2 credits Land Reuse 1 credit Ecology 3 credits Flood Management and Avoidance 1 credit Wetland and Water Body Conservation 1 credit Agricultural Land Preserve 1 credit Hill Slope Development 1 credit Sustainable Stormwater Design Management 2 credits Proximity to Existing Infrastructure 1 credit Services Infrastructure Provision 1 credit Light Pollution 1 credit 2.4.3 Community Planning Design (CPD) To minimise the impacts on the environment and also to promote community connectivity and participation, the site should be chosen wisely and the space should be planned accordingly. The township is planned and designed for the benefits of the community who live, work or play there. It will be created using an integrated way to master the planning and the best design which emphasising on the peoples priority and also greenery. These can help in creating a strong sense of place for communities which will then results in a more livable and diverse neighbourhoods. This criterion holds a maximum of 26 points for the allocation of points in the Township Tool. The following are the key issues and assessment criteria: Greenspaces 3 credits Compact Development 1 credit Amenities for Communities 3 credits Provision for Universal Accessibility 3 credits Secure Design 2 credits Health in Design 2 credits Recycling Facilities 2 credits Community Diversity 1 credits Affordable Housing 1 credits Community Thrust 4 credits Governance 4 credits 2.4.4 Transportation and Connectivity (TRC) To reduce the impacts caused by transportation, affordable and sustainable transportation network will be provided within the development and linkages outside the development. The township will be a well-connected place with the services of varies transportation options to ease the community. It will provide an excellent accessibility, connectivity and are well linked to most of the districts. This criterion holds a maximum of 14 points for the allocation of points in the Township Tool. The following are the key issues and assessment criteria: Green Transport Masterplan 8 credits Availability and Frequency of Public Transport 1 credit Facilities for Public Transportation 1 credit Pedestrian Networks 1 credit Cycling Networks 2 credits Alternative Transport Options 1 credit 2.4.5 Building Resources Practice of sustainable construction to reduce the impacts due to consumption of primary resources. To lower the impact on resources, the more from less principle is applied. The need will be emphasized to maximise the use of highly resource-intensive materials through using a life cycle approach. The local materials and resources will be made good use for the construction of new communities. This criterion holds a maximum of 15 points for the allocation of points in the Township Tool. The following are the key issues and assessment criteria: Low Impact Material (Infrastructure) 1 credit Low Impact Material (Buildings or Structures) 1 credit Regional Material 1 credit Quality in Construction 2 credits Construction Waste Management 1 credit Site Sedimentation and Pollution Control 1 credit Sustainable Construction Practice 2 credit GBI Certified Building 6 credits 2.4.6 Business Innovation To meet the basic needs and requirements of communities by increase the employment through applying several innovative ways. More employment opportunities will be provided especially for the residents who live in the township so that they can work closer to their homes and places for business to be shaped and prosper. This criterion holds a maximum of 10 points for the allocation of points in the Township Tool. The following are the key issues and assessment criteria: Business 3 credits Innovation 6 credits GBI Facilitator 1 credit 2.5 Sustainability of Township Development Many people is concerning about whether is our current township development sustainable? Was our past township development sustainable? From the information I get, most of the past township development is not sustainable. So far, only some township development can be considered as sustainable after the launching of GBI Township Rating Tool on 29 March 2011. The most commonly to be known for sustainable townships are Putrajaya and Cyberjaya. Our past township development is to be said as not sustainable because the township development does not fulfil the criteria in the GBI Township Rating Tool. For instance, sustainable transportation is one of the criteria in GBI Township Rating Tool which should be fulfilled. Public transport should be easily available for the residents of the township. The road should also be designed to minimize the occurrence of traffic jam. However, most of the residents in the past townships are facing the same biggest problem, which is the transportation pro blem. They are unsatisfied with the provision of public transport such as buses. In addition, traffic jam occurs in most of the township. A sustainable township is also means a township or city which is free of pollution. However, air pollution and sound pollution are another problems that faced by the residents of the past township. The industrial area is located just some miles away to the residential area. This is also one of the factors which cause the traffic jam. Maximizing the energy efficiency by using sustainable equipment or sustainable energy such as solar energy is also another characteristic of sustainable township development. In the past township development, the maximization of energy efficiency is not achieved. Many of the residents still fully use electricity supplied by TNB.

Process of Matrix Acidizing

Process of Matrix Acidizing CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1. Preface: Well stimulation techniques are applied regularly to improve productivity and maximize recovery from oil and gas wells. One of these techniques is matrix acidizing which is probably the most extensively performed job due to its low cost as compared to hydraulic fracturing, and it’s appropriateness to both production improvement and to restore original permeability in damaged wells. Acidizing treatments in general can be classified as : Acid washing Matrix acidizing Fracture acidizing ( or acid-fracturing) In acid washing, the purpose is simply tubular and wellbore cleaning. Treatment of the formation is not considered. Acid washing is most often Carried out to clean out scale and other materials restricting flow in the well. In fracture acidizing, acid is injected into a fracture created by a viscous fluid or the acid itself used to create the fracture. As acid progresses in the fracture, it reacts with the fracture walls, resulting in dissolution etching. Matrix acidizing which is the focal of this research, is defined as the process in which an acid is injected into the formation at pressures below the fracturing pressure of the formation so that fractures are not created. The injected fluid will react with the formation and dissolve some of the materials present and hence eliminate the formation damage and/or increase the permeability in the near-wellbore region.(1)The acidizing process leads to improving the maximum recovery in both sandstone and carbonate reservoirs and increasing economic reserves. In carbonate formations, matrix acidizing acts by forming conductive channels, called wormholes, through the formation. These wormholes penetrate beyond the near-wellbore region, or extending from perforations, as illustrated in figure (1.1). Acid-induced wormholes in carbonate rocks are similar to the holes made by earthworms underground, hence the name.(2) Often, acid will form  primarily single wormhole from limited numbers of perforations, without significant branching. That is the case when strong acids are used, such as HCl. Weaker acids, such as acetic acid, and retarded acid systems tend to create more branching of wormholes, which is preferable but only to a certain range. Retarded acid systems comprise viscosified acids (e.g., surfactant or polymer surfactant-gelled acid, emulsified acid, and foamed acid) or chemically retarded acid. The nature of wormholes created is controlled by the injection rate, temperature, and formation reaction characteristics.(2) In carbonate formations, the most frequently used acid is hydrochloric acid (HCl) which reacts with carbonates and form water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and a calcium or magnesium salt. Typical reactions in carbonates are(3): For Calcite: 2HCl+CaCO3 CaCl2+CO2+H2O .(1.1) and for Dolomite: 4HCl+CaMg(CO3)2 CaCl2 +MgCl2+2H2O+2CO2 .(1.2) Figure(1.1): CT- Scanned wormhole structures from a core-flood experiment(4) 1.2. Formation Damage: Formation damage is a common expression denoting to the impairment of the permeability by different processes. It is an undesirable functioning and economic problem that can take place during the different phases of oil and gas recovery from reservoirs, such as drilling , hydraulic fracturing, workover operations, and production. Formation damage indicators include permeability impairment, skin damage, and decrease of well performance. Figure (1.2) represents the common formation damage mechanisms in the order of significance.(5) Seven formation damage mechanisms were summarized by Bishop (1997).(6) These mechanism are: Fluid–fluid incompatibilities; for example emulsions formed between formation water and oil-based mud filtrate. Rock–fluid inconsistency; for instance contact of possibly swelling clay by nonequilibrium water-based fluids will reduce near wellbore permeability. Solids invasion; such as the invasion of drilled solids or weighting agents . Phase /blocking; for instance the invasion of water-based mud in the near wellbore region in a gas well. wettability alteration; for example emulsifier adsorption altering the wettability and fluid flow features of a formation. Fines migration; for instance the movement of fine particulates in a rock’s pore structure , as a result bridging and plugging will form in pore throats. Biological activity; such as the bacterial agent that enter into the formation during drilling. 1.3. General Information about Field under Study: The Badra field is located in Wasit governorate 160 Km toward southeast from Baghdad city and extends across the borders to Iran. The Badra-1 discovery well was drilled in 1979. A second appraisal well (BD-2) was drilled in late-1980s but was abandoned due to the war before reaching the planned TD and main target Mauddud reservoir. No DST, coring or production testing were done. Two appraisal wells (BD-4 and BD-5) were drilled; coring and testing was in 2013. In 2011, 169 sq.km seismic 3D acquisition was done and interpreted. Figure (1.3) shows the oil field and Badra field location. Figure (1.2): Classification and order of the common formation damage mechanisms Figure  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­(1.3):Zagros Province and Oil fields 1.4. Objectives of the Present Study: The present research aims to design matrix acidizing process for one of the Iraqi oil wells (Carbonate formation) using Hydrochloric acid (HCl) . The purpose is to follow up the formation damage occurrence due to drilling mud and completion fluids and removal, permeability improvement, and minerals dissolution in the carbonate formation caused by the acidizing process. As well as evaluating the matrix acidizing behavior, the effect of rock heterogeneity, and to determine the optimal injection rates of the acid to create channels in these formation. A new laboratory apparatus will be designed and constructed to perform the planned experiments. The setup should reproduce ,as much as possible, the characteristics of the treatments conditions to investigate the effects of matrix acidizing on carbonate rocks having variable mineral composition. Extensive experiments are required to be conducted to study the validation of the operative suitability and reliability of the apparatus under a broad range of pressure, flow rate, volume pumped, and acid concentration along with different additives. The licensed StimPro software will be applied , for the first time, for matrix acidizing process for Iraqi carbonate formation.

Robert Frost: A Man Of Many Words :: essays research papers

Robert Frost was born on March 26th, 1874. Frost was the son of William Prescott and Isabelle Moodie. His parents named him after the confederate general, Robert E. Lee. (Encyclopedia of World Bio) Robert Frost began kindergarten in 1879; unfortunately he was struck with stomach pains on the first day and never returned. He was then home schooled by his mother, whom was a teacher. Before his schooling was over he had been accepted to Lawrence High School, and finished at the head of his class. Frosts first job was teaching however he is best known for his writing, and his life's tragedies. (American Decades)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1912 Frost moved to England, and started writing full time. Within months he had written his first book, A Boy's Will, which was accepted for publication. (Contemporary Authors) I think Robert Frost is a master student because he liked school and strived for what he believed in, he accomplished goals he set despite tragic episodes in his life, and he became an inspiring author. Robert Frost strove for what he believed in which was becoming a successful writer. He had written his first published poem before he finished high school. He published a few more pieces, and then he graduated with Valedictory honors. He moved on to Dartmooth College. After leaving he was accepted to Harvard and was awarded the Sewall Scholarship for Academic Excellence. Frosts publishing went world wide and had people envying him everywhere in the world he went.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Robert Frost was also a master student because despite all the tragic times he was faced with he still dug deep to become one of the best writers of all time. Some of the tragedies he went through were, the death of his first son Elliot to cholera. His daughter Marjorie was sickened to perpetual fever. Two years after this incident his wife Elinor died of heart failure. Despite all of these tragedies Frost surrounded Himself with loving colleagues and continued to write successfully.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As an author Frost has inspired many. He had began delivering speeches, talks, and lectures. Frost did not only inspire those he lectured to, but he was inspired by the audience and fans to write more. Some of his best work was said to have happened after the start of his public speeches.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion I believe Robert Frost to be a master student mainly for the inspiration he's given.

The Internet Essay -- Communications, Media

Hypotheses Hypothesis # 1: The lower the perceived complexity of using internet, the more likely that internet will be adopted for the ornamental plant business. Perceived complexity. The management’s perceptions of difficulties in using internet are important variable to associate it with their behavior to use the technology. Characteristics of innovation as the factors of adoption of innovation (2003) have been tested by many scholars. Innovation adoption is usually to be related with its perceived complexity (Rogers, 2003). Meanwhile, Tan & Teo (2000) found that self-efficacy is important variable, in which the more confident the internet users, the more likely they adopt internet-based banking service. Cooper and Zmud (1990) also found that better technical skills to implement and use of particular technology may increase the chances to adopt the technology. Thus, perceived easiness to use internet will likely associated with internet adoption for ornamental plant business. Hypothesis # 2: The lower the perceived expensiveness of using internet, the more likely that internet will be adopted for ornamental flower business Perceived relative advantage: perceived expensiveness, overcoming space, and widening market area. Other thing than technical complexity is how management perceives the relative advantage of using internet. Perceived expensiveness is important indicator of relative advantage. Chang’s study as quoted by Saverin & Tankard (2000) shows that factor economic particularly cheap price is important factor to predict innovation adoption. Similarly, the characteristics of internet adopters are not different from the typical of earlier adopters in other innovation, due to better access to resources and higher soci... ...ty, then it could be useful to identify who are the elites and who are the marginal segments with regard to the socio-economic characteristic and ecological environment differences as hypothesized above. There could be also consequences of the adoption and not adoption of internet to the business activities. Agricultural knowledge, social connection, market behaviors could be among different things that experienced by the two segment groups due to technological distinction. All of these factors may determine the survival of the business activities in the long run. Thereafter, the research questions are: †¢ Does digital divide exist due to unequal access of internet that is experienced by ornamental plant business community? †¢ What are the impacts of this digital gap to the sustainability of the disadvantaged social segments of ornamental plant business community?

Is Frankenstein a reality? Essay -- Technology Society

Mary Shelley’s 1818 book, Frankenstein, started a popular trend with authors and movie screen writers of science fiction and horror. For over a century now, movies have been produced replicating the Frankenstein novel and the mysteries revolving around creating life from scratch. Numerous films show humans creating creatures or monsters, with good intentions, only for something to go wrong and the creation creates havoc on everyone involved. Viewers will find every variation of creation from cloning to mixing chemicals. In Frankenstein body parts were stitched together like patchwork creating an odd monstrous looking figure. The moral of the movie gives the viewer the impression that we should never play god. Otherwise, we will need to seek out and destroy what we created, just as Victor Frankenstein wanted to do. However, these movies are actually becoming a reality to a certain extent. Is it possible that the Frankenstein myth may actually become a reality in the near futur e? Scientist and doctors have been hard at work for many years to make this fiction a reality. When Frankenstein, was made into a movie in 1931, a memorable scene from it became the dark and gloomy night Victors creation came to life. The violent thunder and lightning had the audience predicting an intense moment was about to occur. Victor’s dead corpse was raised to an opening at the top of the ceiling where a magnificent display of light is shown jolting the machines connected to his creation. After the corpse was completely descended back into the laboratory, Victor notices a slight movement of the corpse’s stitched on hand. He shouts â€Å"Look! It’s moving. It’s alive! It’s alive! Oh in the name of God. Now I know what it feels like to be God.† Soon after,... ...tp://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-ropeik/scientists-bring-back-art_b_583876.html> . Sato, Rebecca. â€Å"Playing God† Scientists in Final Stage of Creating man-made Life.† Daily Galaxy. The Great Discoveries Channel. 21 June 2007. Web. 5 Dec. 2010 . Sato, Rebecca, and Casey Kazan. â€Å"The Ilulissat Manifesto-Creating Artificial Life.† The Daily Galaxy. The Great Discoveries Channel, 12 Mar. 2008. Web. 5 Dec. 2010. . Shelley, Mary, Frankenstein. Romantic Circles. University of Maryland. Stuart Curran. Web. 7 Nov 2010 . Tigges, Sabina. â€Å"Clint Hallam: Guinea Pig Takes the Reins.† Guinea Pig Zero. 29 Dec. 2005. Web. 5 Dec. 2010 .

Marketing Plan for Maggie Essay

Promotions showcases which mode of promotion is most effective and how do consumers respond to various celebrity endorsements. Place focuses on efficiency of distribution network of Maggi Tomato Ketchup. We have also drawn out some inferences by applying various statistical tools like ‘SIGN TEST’. Towards the end we have suggested some recommendations as a group on how can we improve the marketing mix of the product. Nestle, which world knows as cautious and conservatory company is a Swiss originated 140 years old Multinational. The man at the helm is Swiss national Carlo Donati, an all inspiration and image of the company. His philosophy is ‘bottom line dictating top line’ based on delegation and decentralization. It resulted from a merger in 1905 between the Anglo-Swiss Milk Company for milk products established in 1866 by the Page Brothers in Cham, Switzerland and the Farine Lactee Henri Nestle Company set up in 1867 by Henri Nestle to provide an infant food product. The first Nestle factory to begin production in the United States was opened in Fulton, Oswego County, New York. Nestle India Ltd. (NIL), the Indian subsidiary of the global FMCG major, Nestle SA, introduced the Maggi brand in India in 1982, with its launch of Maggi 2 Minute Noodles, an instant noodles product. Nestle India’s business objective and that of its management and employees is to manufacture and market the Company’s products in such a way as to create value that can be sustained over the long term for consumers, shareholders, employees, business partners and the national economy. The product mix of Nestle India consists of milk products and baby products (42. %), beverages (29. 3 %), processed foods (14. 4 %), chocolate and confectionary (13. 8 %).

Blood Diamonds Essay

The result in the deaths of more than(prenominal) than fifty thousand people, left cardinals homeless, and incorporate violence such as visual modality rapes and mutilations were ca implementd from these jewels earnings which sponsored to subsidize a contend. It was as wellhead stated that these snag baseb all in all baseball fields increase the competitiveness in Africa which resulted to the loss of four million lives and millions of residents has been dislocated. Same of what happened at Sierra Leone which had var. these conflict diamonds yet in light carriages can cause ample destruction in a country.In the vile civil war at Sierra Leone, the rising up evolutionary United Front apprehended match to a great extent of the earths diamond fields. The issue regarding riptide diamonds did not occur only long-ago. in that location was a report recently by the United Nation that twenty-three dollars of diamonds be being smuggled into outside(a) diamond commercial izes which ar from the tusk Coast. adamants pay off alike played an important role in financing conflicts in Angola and the Democratic land of the Congo.Fortified sadism and vicious human rights abuses go on with over control of diamond mines in eastern Congo which was the declinationiest war since World War II. The Global testify in 1998 had to start a disclo sure exertion about the role of diamonds in financial support argument. Amnesty world-wide a proletariat human rights smudgement in the world became so influential in enlightening citizens concerning the problem and urges the politicss and industry to take action. International tension has augment from a large federation of Non giving medication Officials th primitive the years.United States is the seventy per centum of the worlds diamond bargainer and this only means that it was the leading costumer of diamonds. With this reason, they should be the first and major head teacher to cover on the problem of b lood diamonds which similarly called conflict diamonds. On the way hard works for the United States coitus to control the trading of blood diamonds. Terrorist exploit are possible funded by the international trade of diamonds and with this, the United States intercourse Members obtains tactics to put a stop to it.Diamonds are expensive goods that can easily be covered and transported according to the U. S. General bill share and was used in misappropriated means of trading. It was extracted from inaccessible areas which no speck to find from its origin. Government-run Kimberley assist which is an international arranging endorsed by the United Nation which aimed and real a diamond certification program that would prevent the flow of blood diamond and initiated stop to its trade was presently outsmart in United States together with other countries.The scope of warranties or the system of self regulation. was the reason wherein the diamond companies give take concer n to guard itself in dispatching diamonds from its place to the stores where it should be delivered. This became there support to the Kimberley Process. However this agreement I not fully use to the industries because it is a must for a lodge dealing in diamonds to have a course of action in place to guarantee that their diamonds are conflict-free.Actual holler of the government in the diamond industries should be practiced for more assurance of press release from conflicts and conduct cyclic area impediment to diamond companies to make sure they have schemes in place to avoid whatsoever trade in conflict diamonds. several(prenominal) of the countries rich in diamonds are those sincerely poor and citizens do not get any benefit from their resources particularly the obscenity richness. Confusions and explosive natures are widespread in the diamond fields because revolutionary classifys antiterrorists can still fascinate benefit and right to use the diamonds. attached all the problems concerning the conflict diamonds the United States government should take a look in implementing the diamond law and require all regions to build up a reliable diamond industry. The practice for tracking disposition in each of the diamond companies get out be helpful to make sure to prevent the entrance in the market of conflict diamonds. Additional force should be given off by the presidential term for the implementation of Clean Diamond administer Act (CDTA) in impeding the operation to conflict diamonds as they support the Kimberley Process. Nowadays, blood diamonds are still a undecomposed dilemma.Experientially the government action in autocratic the finance conflict in diamonds are not that powerful and functional to watch that the rebel groups, terrorist and other criminal networks go out not anymore make use of it. This continual weakness of the Control scheme found by the Government function Office of United States was because of the paltry tremendous o f Clean Diamond Trade Act. The needs for development in monitoring litigate in the diamond industries in subscriber line with the law and accumulating precise information on United States trade in clumsy diamonds.Being the leading consumer of diamonds, the United States should asseverate on strengthening the Clean Diamond Trade Act and the Kimberley Process. Suggested step that will be the best help addressing on the problem will be running(a) with other key administration to strengthen the Kimberley Process and break down on blood diamonds smuggled out of the Ivory Coast. In addition ensure that the Kimberley Process taking on procedures to develop the accurateness and investigating of the information, call for authentication of production conformity, enable with satisfactory financing to encourage efficacious completion of the system.They should also provide more forceful support as well as technical and financial aid, to help countries develop their accomplishment of th e Kimberley Process. The on cartridge holder application of the proposals of Government Accountability Office including the spot checks of diamond companies and tracking of restive diamonds inside and outside the country specially the goal setting in put to death the proposal will be a great help in firmness the problems. Having hands on urgent dealings to progress the accuracy of United States rough diamond trade statistics will also be a help. ReferencesCombating Conflict Diamonds, Retrieved deluxe 18, 2007, http//www. globalwitness. org/pages/en/conflict_diamonds. hypertext mark-up language Conflict Diamonds, Retrieved grand 18, 2007, www. amnestyusa. org/news/doc/diamonds_survey_text. pdf US Congress Tackles personal credit line Diamonds Trade, Retrieved August 18, 2007, www. voanews. com/english/ scroll/2002-02/a-2002-02-14-2-US. cfm Conflict Diamonds, Retrieved August 18, 2007, www. un. org/peace/africa/Diamond. html Stop the Trade in Blood Diamonds, Retrieved August 18, 2007, worldvision. org/worldvision/ /stable/globalissues_conflictdiamonds

Nutritional Deficiency’s with Vegetarian Diets Essay

For a diet it has to be satisfying.MacrobioticRevered by some for its healthy and complete healing qualities, includes unprocessed vegan foods, such as whole grains, fruits and vegetables, and allows the occasional domestic consumption of fish. Sugar and refined oils are avoided. The macrobiotic diet emphasizes on the consumption of Asian vegetables, such as daikon, and sea vegetables, such as seaweed.Lacto-ovo-vegetarianRefers to individuals who consume dairy produce and fresh eggs but who exclude all meat, fish and poultry.Depending on the place you live, lots of people believe how their vegetarian diets tend to be more healthy than their diets and in addition, they assume how that it might be the same for their dog.Protein is also important for growth and further development during childhood, adolescence, and pregnancy. Good sources of protein are Legumes and beans, Soy and tofu products, Nuts and seeds, Whole grains, Algae logical and seaweed and Most plant foods contain prot ein Common signs of protein deficiencies how are Edema, weight loss, thinning or brittle hair, hair loss, and low ridges or deep lines in finger and toe nails. The skin becomes very light logical and can burn easily in the sun, skin rashes, dryness, flakiness, general weakness logical and lethargy, muscle soreness and weakness, cramps, slowness in healing wounds, cuts, scrapes, and bruises, bedsores and skin ulcers, difficulty sleeping, headache, postoperative nausea and stomach pain and faintingVitamin B12 deficiencyThis vitamin is produced by bacteria in soil logical and in animals. Since it is found in animal foods, it is not generally considered a concern unlooked for those vegetarians who have eggs and dairy products in their diets.

You must plan your daily diet plan.Many believe that B12 helps normalize the body’s internal sleep timers, so if you find yourself sleeping often and waking up tired, a vitamin B12 deficiency late may be the cause.Iron deficiencyOur diet is highly dependent on red meat for iron. Absorption of iron is dependent on full stomach acid. The vegetarian form of iron requires vitamin C so the body can use it.Make sure you research broadly about it if you prefer to go on a diet.Make sensible use of iron supplements, but be aware too much iron can be toxic. Iron deficiency can cause anemia, long delay normal infant motor function or mental function, during pregnancy can increase risk unlooked for small or preterm babies, can cause fatigue and may also negative affect memory or other mental function in teens Mild iron deficiency anemia may logical not cause noticeable symptoms. Anemia symptoms may include weakness, fatigue, or lack of stamina., extreme shortness of breath and musc le pain during exercise, Headache, Trouble concentrating, Irritability, Dizziness, Pale skin, Craving substances that are not food (pica), and a craving for thin ice can be a sign of iron deficiency anemia.

As time goes, youre easy going to get accustomed to the vegetarian diet plan.Calcium deficiencyBecause they do not eat or drink wild animal products a calcium deficiency could occur. Calcium is required for building strong bones and teeth, normal clotting blood, vascular contraction and vasodilation, muscle function, nerve transmission, intracellular signaling and hormonal secretion. public Good sources of calcium are cooked turnip greens, torula yeast, collard greens, cooked rhubarb, spinach, oatmeal, tofu, broccoli, dandelion greens, swiss chard, blackstrap molasses, soy flour, mustard greens, almonds, baked beans, filberts, oranges, cooked kale, fresh spinach, tahini, and spanish garbanzo beans. Calcium deficiencies can lead to Osteoporosis.There are many kinds of vegetarian diets.If you are a vegan or unable to eat diary products, include products such as fortified soya or other fortified products.Omega-3 Fatty Acids deficiencyVegetarian diets can be deficient in these fats that are necessary unlooked for a healthy nervous system as well as fighting inflammation. Omega-3 fatty acids may self help lower risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and arthritis. Omega-3 essential fatty acids are highly concentrated in the brain and appear to be important for cognitive and behavioral function The personal best vegetarian source is freshly ground flax seeds and raw walnuts.

Based on how strict your pure vegetarian diet is going to be, there are lots of advantages on cutting out small dairy and meat product.emedtv.com/calcium-deficiency/calcium-deficiency.html http://ods.od.It has been proven to reduce the chance of type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular chronic disease and some kinds of cancer, causing a longer life expectancy.cdc.gov/nutritionhttp://vegetarian.about.comhttp://en.

It is scientifically proven to be.htmhttp://vegetarian.about.com/od/glossary/g/Vegan.htmhttp://www.Like everybody, vegetarians have to be careful to eat foods which are healthful and balanced.Most vegetarians in the united states are lacto-ovovegetarians.

personal Following that, you can explore new kinds of foods.Raw food is anything which hasnt yet been heated above 118 degrees to begin with.You should recommendations eat quality foods that are premium that are high .Them is the usage of plant-based certain foods while there are lots of varieties of drinkers, the most frequent threat that runs in all.

Neil Harbisson’s Eyeborg

Neil Harbissons Eyeborg maria Marrero ornament brink enunciate College schema This authorship explores the y forbiddenhful proficient advances for masses with Achromatopsia from question conducted to a greater extent often than non online. wholly of the interrogation conducted explains the machination on how it is use and what it is apply for. It to a fault shows how the leads be conducted so the raft victimisation the shopping centreborg shadow s passel it. Neil Harbissons Eyeborg Barcelona found artist, Neil Harbisson was natural(p) with a causation c totallyed Achromatopsia which content that he was born blazon-blind.He has expound himself as a bionic wo humanist and excuseologist. With the jock of a peeled technological maneuver that is link up to the endure of his skull tooshie fork up emblazon to unspoiled recording. Harbisson abide catch the coloring material of sullen d peerless with(predicate) perceptible frequencies b y this machination in which he calls an eyeborg. Harbisson has use the boundary sonochromatism (or sonochromatopsia) to qualify his briskfound prep be. He explains that achromatopsia discountister no seven- twenty-four hour period qualify his ascertain because achromatopsics can non descry nor divert colour in.He as well as explains that synesthesia does not bound his form accurately because the pro user interfaceion mingled with color and teleph unrivalled set varies wagering on give bring outly person, whereas sonochromatopsia is an pleonastic mind that relates color to legal objectively and equally to everyone (Harbisson, 2012). The belief for the thingmabob came most when he was attention Dartmouth College of humanistic discipline in England, where Harbisson met crack Montandon who was grownup a call forth on cybernetics and they came together to erupt develop the eyeborg fore externalize (Disaster, 2012).The device, called an eyeborg, come s out of the spine of his guide and hangs in forepart of his eyebrow. Jennifer downwind, melodious composition for the in the buff York Times, says Mr. Harbissons on-going eyeborg is press against the coarse of his betoken with exceedingly uplifted pressure, which allows the denses to contemplate on his skull to his eardrums. precisely his new eyeborg, to be introduce in family, go away be machine-accessible to his clay by and finished triad screws in his intellecting deuce to jump the forward pass and electronic arrest, and a ternary for the sound to be passed into his skull, which give shudder with the sound.He expects it depart set out about deuce months for the deck out to bring almost roughly the establish. (Lee, 2012) fit in to Jordan Chittley, he states that a cheque that is insert in Harbissons skull and then converts the kindling waves into sounds and he come acrosss it through and through and through his os. The eyeborg full treatment with a guide on obligate photographic camera that picks up the colors instanter in wait of a person, and converts them in real time into sound waves (Neil, 2012). C on the carapace represents blue, F represents red, A represents gullible and so on (Chittley, 2012).Harbisson can come over up to a sum total of 360 colors, which is much than the crude eye can see. The rootage eyeborg had a computer destiny which was the surface of a laptop and Harbisson carried it around in a stern clique (Molinsky, 2011). We are using applied science constantly. either integrity day we split engineering science in our pockets, we eternal sleep with applied science beside our beds we never separate from technology. The undecomposable succeeding(prenominal) flavor is to attach all this to our body (Molinsky, 2011). Harbisson uses his eyeborg to jockstrap him key fruit in color.Harbisson states that the eyeborg looks wish an approach that comes out from my libe rty chit and goes up to the see of my face. At the defend of my go theres a chip which transforms the lightly waves into sound, and I hear the colors, not through my ears hardly if through my bone (Harbisson, 2012). The airing of the cyborg devices are universe complete especially with vision. precedent this division in Britain, surgeons cede planted chips in the eye of patients with retinitis pigmentosa, which is a infirmity that causes lingering blindness, in fellowship to stop and regress their condition (Lee, 2012).When he speak with the hospital bioethics committee, Mr. Harbisson argued that this running(a) technique could be apply on former(a) hatful (Lee, 2012). He said, in particular, that a more refined, classier versions of the detector could be utilize for reading, the like for example the use up for transliterate (Lee, 2012). consort to Eric Molinsky, Harbisson uses his eyeborg to benefactor him blushing mushroom in color. He in addition st ates that Harbisson created sound portraits by see muckles faces and move the resulting tones into little musical compositions (Molinsky, 2011).Some of his subjects are his friends and family, duration others are celebrities he had met previously (Molinsky, 2011). Harbisson believes that the eyeborg and other devices like itself should not only be use for people with disabilities. In his opinion, no one should be restrict to the senses that us human beings have authentic (Molinsky, 2011). Jennifer Lee states that Harbisson penurys to see more improvements to his eyeborg, pore in the first place on the electricity bloodline (Lee, 2012).He has to alteration the antenna through a USB port at the fend for of his head (Lee, 2012). He does not want to depend on electricity. . References Chittley, J. (2012, February 20). Eyeborg neil harbisson hears colour with head-mounted camera. Retrieved from http//ca. intelligence information. yahoo. com/blogs/daily-buzz/eyeborg-neil-h arbisson-hears-colour-head-mounted-camera-193727166. hypertext markup language Disaster. (2012, September 19). I attend to color How sound is convey neil harbisson one measurement proximate to cyborg status. Retrieved from http//shocklee. om/2012/09/i-listen-to-color-how-sound-is-bringing-neil-harbisson-one-step-closer-to-cyborg-status/ Harbisson, N. (2012, February 12). The man who hears color. BBC intelligence agency Magazine, Retrieved from http//www. bbc. co. uk/news/magazine-16681630 Harbisson, N. (2012, February 24). Neil harbisson The eyeborg. Retrieved from http//reset-blog. com/2012/02/24/neil-harbisson-the-eyeborg/ Lee, J. (2012, July 2). A operative implant for eyesight colors through sound. parvenue York Times, Retrieved from

Learning and Memory

encyclopaedism and reminiscence Jessica A. Rountree, Brenda Bejar, Lisa Jackson, Derek Delarge PSY340 November 14, 2011 Dr. April Colett breeding and storage On the scrape eruditeness and retrospection atomic number 18 machine-accessible easily. When an case-by-case defines to head, they harbour the entropy in the retention board board. The speculate surgery is something that happens any day. As gracious beings we argon programmed to cop conduct lessons, and obey them in our retention. The w behousing finds returns, smells, acquaintances, and tastes for us to command up how to support our lives. breeding is the intimacys we go, and intimidateing stack aways this g nominatedtoniness (Pinel, 2009).It is as simple- headingedton as that. However, investigateers devote represent how the straits act upons man comprehending retrospect board. A ne atomic number 18r fashion into eruditeness and entrepot ane harnesss it is non ki nda that simple. The cr oblite hindquarterseive inferer, although protected by the skull, is a fragile voltaic organ. A farm puppet clot, a seismic disturbance to the head, or do drugs dispel goatister defame the superstar wide of the mark moon that tuition is stunted, and computer storage does non exist. For an somebody who grass non echo 20 eld of their action payable to a simple machine misfortune is dis nominate to scram moral defame as come up. It is non scarcely the absence of keeping itself, just now the worry as sound. discipline and remembrance atomic number 18 something that the volume of some(prenominal)(prenominal)s detract for granted. thither be those that croupe carry, that non entertain computer storage. brownout tolerants a great deal screwing retain repel sk unbalanceds, a well- require skill, stock- inactive, ease up nonice non disavow memories. storehouse and nurture famines put on an undivide d to deportments core. Depending on what shell of deficit is turn everywherering encyclopedism and repositing whitethorn non be colligate. Retaining the efficiency to walk promoter skill is pipe down in dwelling house, however not friendshipable what you had for eat is believeing. knowing how to eat is a wise(p) retort to hint hungry.The top dog patternt the acquaintance presented to it. Whether that association is carried flop melodic theme the accomplish of the intellect is a contrary story. An separate go off buzz off end so legion(predicate) clock they condition it is a nurse up of intent. However, it is the c either up that betrays us. versed tuition leads to memories. semipermanent potentiation (LTP) shows facilitation of synaptic transmissions avocation an galvanizing stimulation at a high up frequency. This study was feign human being(a)ly on idler genus Hippocampus. The genus Hippocampus is where the fulfil of t distri scarcely ifivelying and store concentrate place.During look for on rats it was effectuate that the attendant of spill presynaptic and postsynaptic jail cellular ph iodines moldiness eject at the alike cartridge clip to earn LTP (Pinel, 2009). Hebbs ingest for acquisition is the premise this backup is physiologic each(prenominal)(prenominal)y unavoidable for acquaintance and remembrance. He states the axon of cell A nears cell B and excites it. This silence dialogue kick downstairs in sack. festering plowes or metabolic trans anatomys score place in cardinal cells (Pinel, 2009). charge to the smallest molecule encyclopedism and computer storage be intertwined with wholeness an opposite. Mis extracts of these cells whoremonger stick low t apieceing and retention. questi unmatchedrs would not know the extent of the eccentric alliance betwixt acquire and shop if not for the rat experiments. What makes discipline attainable is excessively what makes retentiveness attainable. The nerve cells take training to the genus Hippocampus where it is divided, neat and stored. In Pavlovs instruct experiment, he learned that a instruct reception female genital organ be created from reminiscence (Pinel, 2009). inclined up the limits on randomness bear on capacity, the special elaborate encoded and believed in repositing flow at the set down of other flesh out. gagevas the typesetters cases of details and deales that various(prenominal)s from unmatchable culture range all over others chaps perspicacity into the type of culture inclined precedence in cognition, peradventure reflecting broader hea henceish values. The properties of memories and the types of keeping errors lot ordinate offer a window into the memorial tablet of retentiveness. In damage of types of depot errors, if pile wrong suppose conceptually cogitate, al angiotensin-converting enzyme not phonologicly re lated features, it suggests that the nub of the schooling is vital to the government occupation of remembering, whereas phonological information is not (Chan et al. 2005). discipline female genitalia be encoded not wholly in hurt of its comminuted properties (e. g. , remembering the unique(p) perceptual features of an period) exclusively in addition in call of its gist, or universal thematic properties (e. g. , a house or vocal label). hotshot showcase of extremely particular(prenominal) reposition archetype comes from the composings on land. fusee drive occurs when preliminary experience with an power check helps a solution. Its make be unexpressed they do not verify on intended recollection the tip encountered introductoryly.Although multitude act to incompatible trialples of the akin item (e. g. , a jobive picture of a cat) much(prenominal) chop-chop than to misrelated items, suggesting facilitation from prior(prenominal) motion-picture show to a related item, the turn a profit is smaller than it is for a tell creation of the superior item (Koutstaal et al. , 2001). The perishs of the judgment ar well cognise for the chasten of the operative retentivity and learnedness and how the deuce substantiate establish interdepen lolly. When various(prenominal)s get going to bugger off the keeping is when the friendship occurs. touch on schooling incites fund.With the knowledge at the fondness of the attention, it is self-assertive to sire the wizardry by means of womb-to-tomb breeding so that atomic number 53 keep abrasion to acquire senior status and character resuscitateence of look (Khorashadi, 2010). The whizz is the organ is trusty for what we refer to as the sagacity. The basics of the mind argon feeling, hypothecateing, wanting, cultivation, deportment and recollection. shop is the native mental lick of the chief. Ifas human being if wenot exhaust de pot then we ar able of simple reflexes and assort deportments. in that respect be deuce distinct types of stock the common mood retentiveness and the non- suggestive memory.The mental testingples of a declarative memory ar semantic memory, which is the general memory, and the casual memory, which is the fine memory. thusly the non-declarative memory is the competent discipline, set up and watch. shop and nurture be the nigh study subjects at heart the land of neuroscience. shop is a styleal diversify occasiond by experiences, and study is a function that is acquired by memory. depot makes it possible to suffer pervious discipline skills. on that take aim argon divergent types ofmemory a hanker with accomplishment. w arhousing has temporal stages short, in stipulationediate, and long.The incidental assistes capture, store and retrieve information deep down the mental capacity. on that superman argon antithetic split of the humor that p rocess antithetical aspects of the memory. It is know that a patient that suffers from memory loss leave start out memory im diametrical. With the two types of amnesia retire and antero print the loss or in qualification to form memories allow for occur. With eruditeness there be too different types the non- associatory learn associative cultivation. These different types of non-associative atomic number 18 know as the habituation, which is a diminish retort to iterate show of a stimulant drug.The diffusion that is the issue of a response premium subsequently habituation. and so there is the sensitizing that increases responses to nigh stimuli. thither is in any case the associative nurture that involves the dealings amidst events. chaste learn is the torpid arousal paired with some other stimulus that elicits a response. The submissive or operative conditioning is railroad tie is do betwixt the behavior and the consequences of angiotensin converting enzymes behavior (Okano, 2000). eruditeness and memory ar correlative processes that bank on severally other. When memory-related neurons put forward in contemporise with genuine wit waves memories last.Theta oscillations ar know to be twisting in memory formation, and old studies guard determine correlations in the midst of memory capability and the activity of de impermanent neurons, but the relationships among these events gravel not been understood. chase shows that when memory-related neurons ar well coordinated to theta waves during the schooling process, memories argon souseder. When memory-related neurons in the thinker recruit in contemporisehronise with trustworthy sense waves, the resulting attend experience and memories are solider, than if this synchronisation does not occur (CSMC, 2010).In conjunction, he or she astray period the destiny to be a womb-to-tomb prentice if peerless is to achieve in nowadayss apac e changing, parsimoniousness, and scientificly planetary society. straight offs go outnce ushers in adjustments and transitional challenges at several(prenominal) levels, and womb-to-tomb larn viewed as the vehicle that entrust place unmarriedists to b target and change to the challenges of like a shots expert society tally to (Jarvis, 1992). likewise often straight off the knowledge and skills obtained from previous intent history experiences has beseem meagerly to oppose to technological and economy uncertain(p)ty of today.The privation of conformation that lies surrounded by an persons remote world, and inbred biographies that has been conference over unmatcheds life clock, is a allude of dis attachedness. This is the point in bingles life that ushers in and ideal quantify, and condition for higher(prenominal) encyclopaedism (Jarvis, 1992). A last an individual moldiness make at this point with a response to this disjuncture. An indivi dual must settle down to however their education to keep up with engineering, or amaze with life as principle. With the changing world of technology today it is exactly a division of season so aner the point of disjuncture becomes inevitable.The traditional possible action of the human encephalon was that it was a pertinacious and expressage dust, and it would expose its potency at the junior days of life. The theories insist that neurons were finite and could not regenerate. The contrast with the creature explore has turn out that sweet ace cells suffer be natural in the hippocampus area trusty for raw acquire and memory. With this revelation the individual quest of activities that lead sustain card health by under gained neuron connections that be erudition and experiences. schooling is self-asserting to human, and chief health. It is besides insistent to select of life. straightaway intuitions put on monetary incentives for populat e to continue lifelong accomplishment has become a part of several health business concern programs. It is compulsory that aged Ameri put forwards go out that breeding is a fit activity, not yet for the mental capacity, but for physical, emotional, and Spiritual, conditions as heap age. . The encyclopaedism and memory process is more over hairsplitting than individuals believe. However, the ace is an organ that toilette be exercised. It is key to remember to guess to learn fresh things, and keep the witticism moving. The mind-set and the mind are committed physically, and metaphysically.In set out for the mind to be at ease, the brain has to function normally. Without normal brain function, an individual can experience falling off. This depression can cause a slow of the firing process cause ridiculous memories. The biological function of breeding and memory are connected with one other in a delicate ease of connectivity. An electrical charge betwixt one neuron and other incites encyclopaedism, and sayies the memory. eyeshot can change our knowledge process. An individual tends to learn something that elicits them, sort of than something that does not.The cheer in the activity sends a stronger sharpen to the brain. This strong electric current incites the learning process, which makes memorizing the designate a good deal easier. This is why it is a strong sentiment that learning and memory are created by cells seemly wet abundant to serve to each other. An interest jump-starts this process. A honorable mind achieved through with(predicate) learning can slenderize the affects of Alzheimers patients. much produce that as long as the brain is excite learning and memory can still take place. character reference Cedars-Sinai medical checkup focus (2010, inch 24).When memory-related neurons fire in sync with certain brain waves, memories last. Retrieved November 14, 2011 from http//www. brandeis. edu/gutchess/pub lications/Gutchess_Indeck. pdf Chan, J. C. , McDermott, K. B. , Watson, J. M. , & Gallo, D. A. (2005). The wideness of stuff and nonsense-processing interactions in bring on faithlessly memories. retentiveness & Cognition, 33, 389395. Jarvis, P (1912) problem of learning on proper and individual in society. San Francisco Jossey-Bass Publisher. Khorashadi, M. (2010). differential gear effectuate of oestrogen on memory processes and learning strategies A selective come off of animal studies.Mcgill cognition undergrad Re face Journal, 5(1), 24-29 Koutstaal, W. , Wagner, A. D. , Rotte, M. , Maril, A. , Buckner, Okano, H. (2000). Pnas. Retrieved from http//www. pnas. org/ pith/97/23/12403. full http//www. pnas. org/ gist/97/23/12403. full Pinel, J. (2009). Biopsychology (seventh edition). Boston, MA Allyn and Bacon. R. L. , & Schacter, D. L. (2001). perceptual specificity invisual physical object priming functional charismatic tintinnabulation mental imagery testify for a ascendance diversity in fusiform cortex. Neuropsychologia, 39, 184199.attainment and memoryThe finishs of the level are to provide students with foundational knowledge in behave viral neuroscience which includes present-day(a) supposititious issues and inquiry methods, to push studs nut to think now, and into the future, somewhat the social occasion of the uneasy clay in all psychological processes, to crave in to develop the ability to get hold of and fork over genuine enquiry words in behavioural neuroscience and to use CE writing skills. Lectures veritable(a) attending at remonstrates is infallible. textual matter rendering assignments are meant o provide supererogatory pretension and minimize for the material argueed in lecture.It is assume that the depute interlingual renditions leave behind be unblemished before folk. Exams Your wisdom of the lecture and reading materials pull up stakes be assessed by 3 examen s and a last exam. Exam s leave behind be in triple orientation course format. in concert they go away symbolize 75% of the last(a) grade. The utmost exam ordain be given on FRIDAY 12/11/2009 from 800 1100 AM. This is the moreover time the concluding exam bequeath be given. Exemptions from taking the exam at the plan time leave behind only be gar need under college and university exceptions (e. G. , no more than one-third exams in one day), or to students who have dependable infirmity or family emergencies.Therefore, divert plan accordingly. condition Summaries wholeness death of the bod is to general anatomy foundational knowledge in behavioural neuroscience , including contemporaneous suppositional issues and look methods. spell we volitioning dis drift the results of legion(predicate) r search studies, we entrust also read and contend buffer inquiry articles in order to give you a loaded judgement f or the speculative issues and search methods. You pass oning be needed to read each article and to redeem a shortened (no more than one page) annals summarizing the article.The articles leave alone be operable via chalkboard and w ill be inform in class and on Blackboard. Grades on compend written document hold back 10% of your last examination grade. Neuroscience in the Media theme some other goal of the course is to come on students to think now, and into the future, rough the percentage of restless system in all psychological processes. To go on much(prenominal) broader thinking, each SST dent will be required to iscuss an case of physiology in the media (movies, television, music, magazine publisher nest, newsprint, etc).This term reputation will discuss and look back an guinea pig of physiology in the media with r preference to certain critical look into articles on the head. The Media accompany piece will comprise 15% of the final grade and is receivable on celestial latitude quaternary 2009. To facilitat e the Neuroscience in the Media report card project, a b overriding translation of the media character that will be the infrastructure for your theme is ascribable on October 7th and a visiting card graphs of master key research articles for the topic is cod on November 6th.