'Western Colonialism and Capitalism\r'

'A lot of negative effect ca utilize by Western compoundism and capitalist rescue in the tierce terra firma countries that fork step forward contributed to their current g everywherenmental and stinting crises kick in been discussed; however, the main objective of this presentation is to discuss the innovative reference played by Western compoundism and capitalist economy in the third world countries when contrasted with pre-compound power point and where they were leftoer by their compound tracks to present date. Colonialism Colonialism refers to as a system w hereby a press out holds reign over soil and spate who atomic number 18 outback(a) its have got boundaries.\r\nIt assumes the right of superstar people to trim their will to otherwises. Between nineteenth and twentieth centuries, virtually rich and powerful states in the europiu art object countries much(prenominal) as Britain did aver third world colonies. Up-to-date, the authenticity of co lonialism by European countries to these third world countries has build a heated debate in semipolitical argonna and among the moral philosophers all over the world. Colonialism is non a new phenomenon. In the past hostel used to expand to immediate territories and settling it take for birth natives on the newly conquered get to.\r\n such model includes the ancient Greeks, Romans and Ottomans to mention but a hardly a(prenominal). But it is patent that colonialism was not static but evolving due to scientific advancements oddly in navigation that en sufficientd connecting to the remotest go bads of the world. imposture of the fast sailing ships facilitated reaching the distant ports in other side of the world while managing to claim closer ties between the mother land of the master colonialism and their colonial territories.\r\nTherefore, the modern European colonialism naturalized when it was possible to escape large issue of people across the sea and introd uce political sovereignty regardless of geographic scatteredness. numerous political theorists have troubled themselves in attempt to reconcile ideas about the hardlyice and virtue with the practice with which European ruled over the third world countries. In nineteenth century, conflict emerged that do tension to build up between the proponents of continuous tense thought and colonial practice.\r\nMany of political philosophers stood to patronize the principles of attainments of universalism and equity while on the other march on they were antagonistic in bid to legitimize colonialism and imperialism. They reconcile this controversy with idea that, in that respect was a wishing for ‘civilization mission’ which was to be for temporal finish of what they called political dep interceptence that was vital so that to practise ‘uncivilized’ societies to advance in a state of achieving sustainable liberal institutions and self-importance government. capitalism\r\ncapitalist economy refers to European practices that not further include genial practices that are easily honest over geographical and historical distances but too encompass the ‘ expression of mentation’. The term capitalist has been widely used in the Marxist theory which refers to signifys of doing that are on the renders of a a couple of(prenominal) and operated for making profit and that the benefits realized from the merchandise depart to the owners of the means of crossroadion. Mer lottilism was the earliest form of capitalist in the olden twenty-four hourss that originated in the optic East, Rome and too existed during early Middle Age.\r\nIt refer dispersal of erects in the transactions in such style that in that respect is profit making. In this situation, goods were bought from one place and move to another site to be sold at relatively higher prices. Beside Romans, Arabic cultures were also cognise of mer squirttilism. Th ey had a long bill on their trade routes in their major empires. knightly Europeans learnt learned about this type of economy from their Muslim neighbors as it has been noticed in large number of economic terms found in European languages some which are derivatives from Arabic.\r\nGradually, mer pecktilism in Europe evolved into economic practices that were eventually referred to as capitalism. Capitalism employs the uniform principle as mercantilism that involves large racing shell profit realization by acquisition of goods at lower price than selling them at a profit. Capitalism is characterized by several features. archetypical, on that point is solicitation of means of the production such as materials, land and tools by minority of people. This property accumulation is referred to as capital and the owners of these means of production are known as capitalists.\r\nThe second characteristic of capitalism is ample labor. Human work is of great importance because it facilit ates the production of goods and their distribution. This happens in form of the hire labor. The striking aspects of wage labor here is that it is not invested in the product and it is considered to be good in terms of productivity. Capitalism boosts individual productivity by means of single-valued function of labor whereby productive labor is divided into smallest components possible. In capitalism, the means of production and labor is manipulated by the capitalist by use of rational circulation to gain profit.\r\nOn the other hand, capitalism as a way of thinking is basically individualistic. This is true because it focuses on capitalist endeavor. This bring out the sense concepts of individuality in that all the individuals are not the same; the golf-club is com represent of individual in pursuit of their own interest and that they should be free to peruse their own interests, that is ,economic freedom. Also, this concept advocates for democratic sense in that individuals poring over their own interests can guarantee the interests of the whole society.\r\nTherefore, Enlightenment idea of cash advance is grounded on the fact that the large-scale social goal of unregulated capitalism can produce wealth and affect the national economy wealthier and more affluent than it would otherwise have not been. So, essentially, capitalism as a way of thinking is built on the concept of economic harvest-time (Friedman & Friedman, pp5). While this may be true, capitalism has been having a close link with adverse effects of military mansse inequality and valorization that has characterized exploitation of one or more groups by others.\r\nIt has been argued that capitalist relations protract alienation of workers from the products they make. This makes both commodities and the workers circulating commodities that go on in the expanding market. When the laborers are considered to be interchangeable, it becomes the interest of the capitalist to give work ers low wage or no wage at all. By doing this, capitalists are able to create surplus of money from their capital invested meanwhile their commodities circulate in the market.\r\nBecause gentleman beings were one of the vital commodities for advantage in early capitalism, enslaved workers could be shipped between the colonial territories to the help in monocropping on the large plantations. Presently, capitalist is usually understood to be a mean of system whereby the allocation of resources is by dictates of mechanism of the markets that are driven by profit motive. The advantages of the capitalism are that the government does not interfere with the business because on that point is limited run into over it and that people have choice on what they loss to do and where.\r\nAlso, people are at liberty to do what they want with their money. However, this mode of economy has negative outcomes. Because the government is requisite to liberalize the market it has limited control ov er it and this can make few businesses to take monopoly which may lead to inefficiencies. In addition to this, capitalism only if reward those who are fortunate to have inherent s premeditation abilities and not necessarily as emergence of hard work and this lead to huge inequities in income and wealth. The Progressive role of Western colonialism and capitalism in Third world\r\nEven though colonialism and capitalism had its own shortcomings, nevertheless, there is also a substantiating effect on balance we can lecture about. Before colonialism, Africa only knew of socialism which was widely practiced among different communities. Socialism is a system that advocates for incorporated ownership and management of the means of production and distribution of goods. It is the opposite of capitalism which is a system hereby economy is based on private ownership of the means of production and personal profit can be realized by capital enthronisation and employment of labor.\r\nColo nialism brought a new idea to Africa that the material progress and prosperity were possible for the masses of people. Africans in pre-colonial period did not imagine that could ever happen. They faux that the material self-controls they had were fixed. They believed in such things like destiny of the harvest could result to increase of food in the basket but the idea that living conditions could be changed was strange to them.\r\nThey did not have a cue of the prospect that instead of trekking for miles in search of peeing it was possible to have piped water homes. Colonialism brought idea of progress in humanity. They enabled them to realize that people have capacity to improve their condition of existence and that tomorrow could be much ameliorate that today (Ondeng, pp 26). Development of base When colonialism stepped into sub-Saharan Africa three main objectives were the driving force. First objective was to meet the increasing demand of the tippy materials for their in dustries.\r\nSecond objective was to be able to ascertain areas and their territories that could form the market for their industrial goods produced by the capitalisms as it was are of industrial evolution. The last objective was that, they precious to identify and dominate certain strategic areas that would be their future potential region for their investments. Therefore, as it can be take inn, the main aim of capitalism working out through colonialism was purely economic. But it was first gear unavoidable through political process of colonialism to create colonial territories to be able to achieve economic goals.\r\n judicature of colonial territories was immediately followed by setting out diversified changes that included both social and economic among subdued societies in order to fulfill economic targets. This called for breaking down the already existed social and political system which resulted in replacement of traditional chiefdoms and kingdoms by Western European po litical system and integrating of colonial state. Greater portions of fertile lands were given up to colonist farmers who produced non-agricultural raw materials for western industries.\r\nIn order to make this kind of economy efficient, there was a frightening need to establish communication fundament such roads, railway lines and ports so that there can be a linkage between hinterland and coastal to facilitate securing resources and human labor. In such regions only footpaths did exist that were used by human porters and animal. virtually of the roads and railway communicate seen today in many parts of African countries speaks of a electropositive legacy from Western colonialism and capitalist in Africa and other third world countries.\r\nA good example of such country is Nigeria. In pre-colonial period, transport systems were limited to porterage over the land that was only utilized by animal and humans and small boats in waterways that are in southern and central Nigeria . In states of Nigeria, there were extensive trade routes in its territories which also facilitated reason of goods across the deserts to trade with North Africa and blanket(a) to the coast that involved trade with European. The roads were hold by local leaders using engage labor or conscripted locals on the basis of the age.\r\nDuring this period the basic means of transport were pack animals and human porters. When British claimed Nigeria to be its colony, is started building transport interlock that would make efficient its ruling over this territory and make easier utilization of the resources in the region. It started with construction of the roads which was later followed by railway lines construction. This facilitated movement of good and people from one place to another as the need demanded which was critical as it helped to maintain pissed economic and political ties within its territory.\r\nSince Nigeria gained independence there has been little in building new infra structure network apart from what was established by their colonial master. This has been so because the Civilian governments had experiencing budgetary deficit and their priorities were to maintain regional divisions rather than improving transportation network and building better one in conformism modern world technology. However, while some few military governments were interested in culture of better transport system, this turned to be a day dream.\r\nTherefore, post-colonial transport systems currently existing are just minimal maintenance of the infrastructure which their colonial master had set. This is a clear indication of the progressive role the Western colonialism and capitalism did play in Nigeria originally they had left (Husher, para. 4-9). Suppression of barbaric practices Colonialism brought enlightenment in Africa. During pre-colonial period some African countries cannibalism and heathen worship was common practices. Practices such as cannibalism were usually limit to specific regions particularly in West Africa.\r\nSuch practices were not necessarily driven by craves for human flesh but were basically for rituals and sacrifices. The belief tramp these practices of man eating were to receive imbibe magic strength that was considered to be transferred by through someone material. This soul material was particularly identified by certain body part of the victim particularly the head. In the community that practiced such conduct they had a belief that if a untried man ate the elder, such individual could get scholarship or if it was an elder who ate a young victim this could have added vigor.\r\nAfrican had a significant attachment with the dead. In fact, cannibalism in Africa was part of religious act that consisted of complex rules that actually prescribed who should tint of the human flesh and who is supposed to be eaten and also clearly spelt out which part were to be eaten. It also described what parts of the victim’s b ody were to be kept as part of relics. There were other instances where medicines were made out of the human flesh. For instance, in Leopard societies in Sierra Leone, they used human entails to make certain kind of medicines.\r\nWhen the Sierra Leone became a British colony, the first thing they did was to bring to an end this practice. First, the British investigated what was happening in the jungle. When it had a uncovering in its investigations to address this extraordinary killing of human beings, it passed a bill which was called ‘The Leopard Ordonance’. This out legalityed any possession of a leopard skin that were usually worn by these people who practiced these rituals, a three- pronged stab and a special native medicine called Borfina that be a concoction of human flesh such as fat and blood.\r\nIt was potent in the hand of its owner as it was believed to help one to be powerful and rich . Through use of law and assimilation of European culture Africans expe rienced a transformation that played a great role in liberating them from such practices. This helped to uphold human high-handedness and universal human rights particularly right to feel (Karoline, para. 7-14). Modern medicine As many of colonial powers embarked on a political project to control much of the world, diseases were the major obstacles for their expansion particularly in African continent.\r\nTropical diseases such as malaria among others posed great challenge because there was no efficient form of medical treatment that existed in African land before except traditional medicine. Many African had a belief that disease was as result of witchcraft or evil booze as opposed to empirical approach in treatment and management of the disease by European countries . This necessitated them to have attachment of medical personnel to mercenary marines and putting up of rudimentary hospital facilities at their colonial territories.\r\nA good example is development of medical ca re in Tanzania. Christian missionaries were the first to introduce allopathic medicine in the territory. at last the colonial master in Tanzania assumed the obligation of providing the health care to serve the army send that was stationed in the region partly to counter endemic resistance and also to provide health care to European settlers. In British colonies they promoted establishment of the capital of the United Kingdom and Liverpool schools of medicine where the study of tropical disease such as those found in the region was given the first priority.\r\nAfter World War 1, Tanzania became a British colony and it assumed the control of colonial medical care where it provided medical care at provincial and district administration levels, voluntary serve that involved missions and employer-based that catered for the medical needs at plantations, mines and factories. They also implemented preventative measures that were in form of usual health programs. This greatly helped t o address the health needs of African that never existed before.\r\nIt is on the basis of these colonial efforts to address tropical diseases which were a threat to their lives helped to see African countries with improved health care and lessen mortality rate from fatal tropical diseases (Baer, singer and Susser, pp 18-22). Conclusion Colonialism by the Europe countries was considered to be a mission of civilization to the ‘uncivilized societies’ to be able to advance in state of achieving sustainable liberalized institutions and self government.\r\nHowever the legitimacy of colonialism by these European nations has everlastingly staged unsettled debate both in political sphere and with moral philosophers all over the world. Colonialism proved to be the only way through which West Europe could peruse their capitalism motives in the third world countries. Even though there have been shortcomings associated with colonial rule there has been an general positive effect for Africa. Colonial rule brought enlightenment where ignorance did thrive.\r\nIt helped to suppress barbaric practices such as pagan worship and cannibalism among others. It laid the seeds of the intellectual and material development as seen through infrastructure development, formal raising and modern medicine that saved many Africans lives from caustic tropical diseases that were considered to be caused by witchcraft. Also it helped to slim down the economic gap whereby integration of colonies into international capitalist economy ushered in initial stages of globalization.\r\n'