Changes in Soil Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties Caused by

Changes in state Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties Ca enjoymentd by Artificial drainage of WetlandsWetland soils ar extremely varied. They are found from the tropics to the subarctic. They can be seasonal or year-round, freshwater or saltwater, positive or mineral. The unrivalled thing that all of them have in common is that for at to the lowest degree part of the year they are arrant(a) with water. This saturation has a remarkable impact on the soils physics, chemistry, and biota. However, over the past century more than fractional of all the wetlands in the United States has been drained for agriculture and other uses such as construction. When the soils are drained the physics, chemistry, and biota are drastically changed. This authorship is an attempt to describe the changes in artificially drained soils and to consider a few of the consequences of these changes. The physical properties of saturated soils vary somewhat from wetland to wetland but are charac terized by certain processes. One is the interaction of the soil with the watertable. Three patterns of practicable groundwater flow have been considered water could flow into the saturated scene of actions from the surrounding area (discharge), making the saturated area the focal point water could flow through swamps because of local relief (flow-through) or water could flow from the saturated zone into surrounding areas (recharge) possibly due to differential water use by plant communities or pumping (Crownover et al, p. 1199). There can also be tumid exchange of water between the groundwater and saturated soil. For example, capillary effectuate pull water upward into the soil from the water table. Besides the vertical and horizontal flow of water, the area of the soil taken up by water is important.... ...ater flow patterns through a cypress swamp-pine flatwood landscape Soil Science Society of America Journal, 59, p. 1199-1206.Fausey, N.R., Brown, L.C., Belcher, H.W. and K anwar, R.S., 1995, Drainage and water quality in the Great Lakes and cornbelt states Journal of Irrigation Drainage Engineering, 121, p.283-288.Leventhal, E., 1990, Alternative uses of wetlands other than conventional landed estate in Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska EPA/171/R-92/006, 145 p.McBride, M. B., 1994, Environmental Chemistry of Soils naked York, Oxford University Press, 406 p.Mitsch, W.J. and Gosselink, J.G., Wetlands New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 537 p.Schipper, L.A., Harfoot, C.G., McFarlane, P.N., and Cooper, A.B., Anaerobic decomposition and denitrification during plant decomposition in an organic soil Journal of Environmental Quality, 23, p. 923-928.